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活断層地形が不明瞭な地域における小断層の応力逆解析; 1984年長野県西部地震の震源周辺地域における例

Stress tensor inversion method for minor faults in areas of unclear active fault topography; Example in area of around source of the 1984 Western Nagano Earthquake

西山 成哲  ; 中嶋 徹   ; 後藤 翠*; 箱岩 寛晶; 末岡 茂   ; 島田 耕史   ; 丹羽 正和   

Nishiyama, Nariaki; Nakajima, Toru; Goto, Akira*; Hakoiwa, Hiroaki; Sueoka, Shigeru; Shimada, Koji; Niwa, Masakazu

M6-7の規模のいくつかの地震については地表地震断層が不明確とされており、このような地震を引き起こす活断層を把握するための評価手法の確立が必要である。本研究では、明瞭な地表地震断層が現れていない1984年長野県西部地震の震源地域において、地表踏査により収集した小断層の条線データを用いた応力逆解析により小断層の活動に影響を与えたと考えられる応力場を推定し、広域応力場と整合的な小断層が多い領域を抽出した。地表踏査の結果、321条の小断層データを収集した。これら小断層データの位置とデータ数を考慮して調査地域を13個の領域に区分けし、各領域における応力逆解析の結果、伏在断層の上端に近い領域において、本地域の広域応力場と調和的なNW-SE方向に$$sigma$$1軸を持つ応力が検出された。これらの領域には、伏在断層の活動に伴って変位した小断層が相対的に多いと考えられ、それらの分布範囲は伏在断層のダメージゾーンもしくはさらに広範囲に広がる変形帯に相当することが予想される。このことから、明瞭な断層変位地形が認められない場合でも、地表踏査によりその分布や影響範囲を推定できると期待される。本研究は経済産業省資源エネルギー庁委託事業「令和2-4年度高レベル放射性廃棄物等の地層処分に関する技術開発事業(JPJ007597)(地質環境長期安定性評価技術高度化開発)」の成果の一部である。

For some earthquakes of magnitude 6 to 7, the surface earthquake fault is unclear, and it is necessary to establish an evaluation method to understand the active faults that cause such earthquakes. In this study, in the source area of the 1984 western Nagano Prefecture earthquake, where no distinct surface earthquake faults appeared, we estimated the stress field that may have affected the activity of small faults by stress tensor inversion method using striation data of small faults collected by surface exploration, and extracted areas with many small faults consistent with the regional stress field. As a result of the surface survey, we collected data on 321 small faults. Considering the location and number of these small fault data, the study area was divided into 13 areas. As a result of stress tensor inversion method in each area, stress with a maximum compressive stress axis in the NW-SE direction, which is harmonic to the regional stress field in this area, was detected in the area near the upper end of the hidden fault. In these regions, there are relatively many small faults that were displaced by the activity of the hidden fault, and their distribution area is expected to correspond to the damage zone of the hidden fault or a deformation zone that extends over a wider area. Therefore, even when no clear fault displacement topography is recognized, we expect to be able to estimate its distribution and extent of influence by surface exploration. This study was funded by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan as part of its R&D supporting program titled "Establishment of Advanced Technology for Evaluating the Long-term Geosphere Stability on Geological Disposal Project of Radioactive Waste (JPJ007597) (Fiscal Years 2020-2022)".

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