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論文

Gradient residual strain measurement procedure in surface impacted railway steel axles by using neutron scattering

Zhou, L.*; Zhang, H.*; Qin, T. Y.*; Hu, F. F.*; 徐 平光; Ao, N.*; Su, Y. H.; He, L. H.*; Li, X. H.*; Zhang, J. R.*; et al.

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 11 Pages, 2024/00

High-speed railway S38C axles undergo surface induction hardening for durability, but are susceptible to fatigue cracks from foreign object impact. The neutron diffraction method was employed to measure the residual strain in S38C axles, obtaining microscopic lattice distortion data, for the gradient layer at a depth of 8 mm under the surface. The results showed that after induction-hardening, the microscopic lattice distortion had a gradient distribution, decreasing with the distance from the surface. However, in the case of impacting speed of 600 km/m, the average microscopic lattice distortion increased with the distance from the surface, reaching a maximum augmentation of 55 pct. These findings indicate a strong experimental basis, and improve our understanding of the relationship between macroscopic residual stress and decision-making, in regard to operation and maintenance.

論文

A Colossal barocaloric effect induced by the creation of a high-pressure phase

Jiang, X.*; 服部 高典; Xu, X.*; Li, M.*; Yu, C.*; Yu, D.*; Mole, R.*; 矢野 真一郎*; Chen, J.*; He, L.*; et al.

Materials Horizons, 10(3), p.977 - 982, 2023/03

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:90.27(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)

現在の蒸気圧縮式冷凍機に代わる環境に優しい冷凍機として、バロカロリック効果に基づく固体冷凍機が世界的に注目されている。一般に、バロカロリック効果が発現する相はいずれも常圧でも存在する。ここでは、それらの物質と違って、KPF$$_{6}$$が高圧の菱面体晶相を生成することにより、巨大なバロカロリック効果を示すことを実証した。相図は、圧力依存の熱量測定、ラマン散乱測定、中性子回折測定に基づいて構築されたものである。本研究は、巨大バロカロリー効果に、高圧相の生成という新たな手法をもたらすと期待される。

論文

Si-addition contributes to overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off in high-entropy alloys

Wei, D.*; Gong, W.; 都留 智仁; Lobzenko, I.; Li, X.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Do, H.-S.*; Bae, J. W.*; Wagner, C.*; et al.

International Journal of Plasticity, 159, p.103443_1 - 103443_18, 2022/12

 被引用回数:12 パーセンタイル:98.45(Engineering, Mechanical)

Face-centered cubic single-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs) containing multi-principal transition metals have attracted significant attention, exhibiting an unprecedented combination of strength and ductility owing to their low stacking fault energy (SFE) and large misfit parameter that creates severe local lattice distortion. Increasing both strength and ductility further is challenging. In the present study, we demonstrate via meticulous experiments that the CoCrFeNi HEA with the addition of the substitutional metalloid Si can retain a single-phase FCC structure while its yield strength (up to 65%), ultimate strength (up to 34%), and ductility (up to 15%) are simultaneously increased, owing to a synthetical effect of the enhanced solid solution strengthening and a reduced SFE. The dislocation behaviors and plastic deformation mechanisms were tuned by the addition of Si, which improves the strain hardening and tensile ductility. The present study provides new strategies for enhancing HEA performance by targeted metalloid additions.

論文

MYRRHA-MINERVA injector status and commissioning

Gatera, A.*; Belmans, J.*; Boussa, S.*; Davin, F.*; De Cock, W.*; De Florio, V.*; Doucet, F.*; Parez, L.*; Pompon, F.*; Ponton, A.*; et al.

Proceedings of 64th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (HB2021), p.186 - 190, 2022/04

The MYRRHA project at SCK CEN, Belgium, aims at coupling a 600 MeV proton accelerator to a subcritical fission core operating at a thermal power of 60 MW. The nominal proton beam for this ADS has an intensity of 4 mA and is delivered in a quasi-CW mode. MYRRHA's linac is designed to be fault tolerant thanks to redundancy implemented in parallel at low energy and serially in the superconducting linac. Phase 1 of the project, named MINERVA, will realise a 100 MeV, 4 mA superconducting linac with the mission of demonstrating the ADS requirements in terms of reliability and of fault tolerance. As part of the reliability optimisation program the integrated prototyping of the MINERVA injector is ongoing at SCK CEN in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. The injector test stand aims at testing sequentially all the elements composing the front-end of the injector. This contribution will highlight the beam dynamics choices in MINERVA's injector and their impact on ongoing commissioning activities.

論文

Temperature-dependent hardening contributions in CrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy

Naeem, M.*; He, H.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Lin, W.*; Kai, J.-J.*; Wu, Z.*; Lan, S.*; Wang, X.-L.*

Acta Materialia, 221, p.117371_1 - 117371_18, 2021/12

 被引用回数:22 パーセンタイル:94.76(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

We studied the deformation behavior of CrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy by in situ neutron diffraction at room temperature, intermediate low temperature of 140 K, low temperatures of 40 K (no serrated deformation) and 25 K (with massive serrations). The contributions from different deformation mechanisms to the yield strength and strain hardening have been estimated. The athermal contributions to the yield strength were $$sim$$183 MPa at all temperatures, while the Peierls stress increased significantly at low temperatures (from 148 MPa at room temperature to 493 MPa at 25 K). Dislocations contributed to $$sim$$94% strain hardening at room temperature. Although the dislocation strengthening remained the major hardening mechanism at very low temperatures, the planar faults contribution increased steadily from 6% at room temperature to 28% at 25 K.

論文

MIRS: an imaging spectrometer for the MMX mission

Barucci, M. A.*; Reess, J.-M.*; Bernardi, P.*; Doressoundiram, A.*; Fornasier, S.*; Le Du, M.*; 岩田 隆浩*; 中川 広務*; 中村 智樹*; Andr$'e$, Y.*; et al.

Earth, Planets and Space (Internet), 73(1), p.211_1 - 211_28, 2021/12

 被引用回数:8 パーセンタイル:81.82(Geosciences, Multidisciplinary)

MMX赤外線分光計(MIRS)は、宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)のMMXミッションに搭載されているイメージング分光計である。MIRSは他の4つのフランス研究所との協力、フランス国立宇宙研究センター(CNES)の協力と財政支援、およびJAXAと三菱電機(MELCO)との緊密な協力によりパリ天文台で開発されている。この装置はMMXの科学的目的を完全に達成するべく設計されている。MIRSはフォボスとダイモスの表面組成の分析およびサンプリングサイトの選択時に使用される組成診断スペクトル機能を含む近赤外線スペクトルマップ機能をリモートで提供する。MIRSはまた、火星の大気、特に雲,塵,水蒸気などの空間的時間的変化についても観測を行う予定である。

論文

Long decay length of magnon-polarons in BiFeO$$_{3}$$/La$$_{0.67}$$Sr$$_{0.33}$$MnO$$_{3}$$ heterostructures

Zhang, J.*; Chen, M.*; Chen, J.*; 山本 慧; Wang, H.*; Hamdi, M.*; Sun, Y.*; Wagner, K.*; He, W.*; Zhang, Y.*; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 12, p.7258_1 - 7258_8, 2021/12

 被引用回数:10 パーセンタイル:76.55(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Magnons can transfer information in metals and insulators without Joule heating, and therefore are promising for low-power computation. The on-chip magnonics however suffers from high losses due to limited magnon decay length. In metallic thin films, it is typically on the tens of micrometre length scale. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-long magnon decay length of up to one millimetre in multiferroic/ferromagnetic BiFeO$$_{3}$$(BFO)/La$$_{0.67}$$Sr$$_{0.33}$$MnO$$_{3}$$ (LSMO) heterostructures at room temperature. This decay length is attributed to a magnon-phonon hybridization and is more than two orders of magnitude longer than that of bare metallic LSMO. The long-distance modes have high group velocities of 2.5 km$$^{-1}$$ as detected by time-resolved Brillouin light scattering. Numerical simulations suggest that magnetoelastic coupling via the BFO/LSMO interface hybridizes phonons in BFO with magnons in LSMO. Our results provide a solution to the long-standing issue on magnon decay lengths in metallic magnets and advance the bourgeoning field of hybrid magnonics.

論文

Phase transition and chemical reactivity of 1H-tetrazole under high pressure up to 100 GPa

Gao, D.*; Tang, X.*; Wang, X.*; Yang, X.*; Zhang, P.*; Che, G.*; Han, J.*; 服部 高典; Wang, Y.*; Dong, X.*; et al.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 23(35), p.19503 - 19510, 2021/09

 被引用回数:4 パーセンタイル:38.14(Chemistry, Physical)

窒素に富む分子の圧力有機相転移や重合は、環境にやさしい高エネルギー密度材料の開発にとって非常に重要であるため、広く注目されている。本論文では、その場ラマン,IR,X線回折,中性子回折、および理論計算をもちい、100GPaまでの1H-テトラゾールの相転移挙動と化学反応の研究を紹介する。2.6GPa以上での相転移が確認され、その高圧構造は、以前に報告されたユニットセル内に2つの分子をもつものではなく、1つの分子をものであることが分かった。1H-テトラゾールは、おそらく窒素-窒素結合ではなく炭素-窒素結合により、100GPa以下で可逆的に重合する。私たちの研究は、1H-テトラゾールの高圧相の構造モデルを更新し、もっともらしい分子間結合の経路を初めて提示した。これにより、窒素に富む化合物の相転移と化学反応の理解が進み、新しい高エネルギー密度材料の設計に役立つと考えられる。

論文

Dynamical response of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters to a pulsed charged-particle beam

奥村 拓馬*; 東 俊行*; Bennet, D. A.*; Caradonna, P.*; Chiu, I.-H.*; Doriese, W. B.*; Durkin, M. S.*; Fowler, J. W.*; Gard, J. D.*; 橋本 直; et al.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 31(5), p.2101704_1 - 2101704_4, 2021/08

 被引用回数:1 パーセンタイル:11.71(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)

超伝導転移端センサー(TES)マイクロ熱量計は、優れたエネルギー分解能と高い効率を持った、加速器施設での実験に理想的なX線検出器である。高強度パルス荷電粒子ビームを用いたTES検出器の性能を研究するために、日本の陽子加速器研究施設(J-PARC)でパルスミュオンビームを用いてX線スペクトルを測定した。X線エネルギーの実質的な時間的シフトがパルスミュオンビームの到着時間と相関していることを発見した。これは、最初のパルスビームからのエネルギー粒子の入射によるパルスパイルアップによって合理的に説明された。

論文

MINERVA (MYRRHA Phase 1) RFQ beam commissioning

Gatera, A.*; Belmans, J.*; Davin, F.*; De Cock, W.*; Doucet, F.*; Parez, L.*; Pompon, F.*; Ponton, A.*; Vandeplassche, D.*; Bouly, F.*; et al.

Proceedings of 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 21) (Internet), p.675 - 678, 2021/08

The MYRRHA project aims at coupling a 600 MeV proton accelerator to a subcritical fission core operating at a thermal power of 70 MW. The nominal proton beam for this ADS (Accelerator Driven System) has an intensity of 4 mA and is delivered in a quasi-CW mode. Phase 1 of the project will realise a 100 MeV, 4 mA superconducting linac with the mission of ensuring the ADS requirements in terms of reliability and fault tolerance. As part of the reliability optimisation program the integrated prototyping of the MINERVA injector is ongoing. The front-end of the injector is composed of an ECR proton source, an LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport line) and a four-rod RFQ accelerating the beam to 1.5 MeV. The present contribution focuses on the current beam tests on the RFQ, including beam matching, RF conditioning, assessment of the cavities' performances and accelerated beam characterisation.

論文

Patterns of gene content and co-occurrence constrain the evolutionary path toward animal association in Candidate Phyla Radiation bacteria

Jaffe, A. L.*; Thomas, A. D.*; He, C.*; Keren, R.*; Valentin-Alvarado, L. E.*; Munk, P.*; Bouma-Gregson, K.*; Farag, I. F.*; 天野 由記; Sachdeva, R.*; et al.

mBio, 12(4), p.e00521-21_1 - e00521-21_21, 2021/08

 被引用回数:16 パーセンタイル:90.71(Microbiology)

Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria are small, likely episymbiotic organisms found across Earth's ecosystems. Despite their prevalence, the distribution of CPR lineages across habitats and the genomic signatures of transitions amongst these habitats remain unclear. Hear, we expand the genome inventory for Absconditabacteria (SR1), Gracilibacteria, and Saccharibacteria (TM7), CPR bacteria known to occur in both animal-associated and environmental microbiomes, and investigate variation in gene content with habitat of origin. By overlaying phylogeny with habitat information, we show that bacteria from these three lineages have undergone multiple transitions from environmental habitats into animal microbiomes. Based on co-occurrence analyses of hundreds of metagenomes, we extend the prior suggestion that certain TM7 have broad bacterial host ranges and constrain possible host relationships for SR1 and Gracilibacteria. Full-proteome analyses show that animal-associated TM7 have smaller gene repertoires than their environmental counterparts and are enriched in numerous protein families, including those likely functioning in amino acid metabolism, phage defense, and detoxification of peroxide. In contrast, some freshwater TM7 encodea putative rhodopsin. For protein families exhibiting the clearest patterns of differential habitat distribution, we compared protein and species phylogenies to estimate the incidence of lateral gene transfer and genomic loss occurring over the species tree. These analyses suggest that habitat transitions were likely not accompanied by large transfer or loss events, but rather were associated with continuous proteome remodeling. Thus, we speculate that CPR habitat transitions were driven largely by availability of suitable host taxa, and were reinforced by acquisition and loss of some capacities.

論文

Deexcitation dynamics of muonic atoms revealed by high-precision spectroscopy of electronic $$K$$ X rays

奥村 拓馬*; 東 俊行*; Bennet, D. A.*; Caradonna, P.*; Chiu, I. H.*; Doriese, W. B.*; Durkin, M. S.*; Fowler, J. W.*; Gard, J. D.*; 橋本 直; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 127(5), p.053001_1 - 053001_7, 2021/07

 被引用回数:9 パーセンタイル:78.48(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

超伝導遷移エッジ型センサーマイクロカロリメーターを用いて、鉄のミュー原子から放出される電子$$K$$X線を観測した。FWHMでの5.2eVのエネルギー分解能により、電子特性$$K$$$$alpha$$および$$K$$$$beta$$X線の非対称の広いプロファイルを約6keVの超衛星線$$K$$$$alpha$$線とともに観察することができた。このスペクトルは、電子のサイドフィードを伴う、負ミュオンと$$L$$殻電子による核電荷の時間依存スクリーニングを反映している。シミュレーションによると、このデータは電子$$K$$殻および$$L$$殻の正孔生成と、ミュオンカスケードプロセス中のそれらの時間発展を明確に示している。

論文

Stacking fault driven phase transformation in CrCoNi medium entropy alloy

He, H.*; Naeem, M.*; Zhang, F.*; Zhao, Y.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Wang, B.*; Wu, X.*; Lan, S.*; Wu, Z.*; et al.

Nano Letters, 21(3), p.1419 - 1426, 2021/02

 被引用回数:28 パーセンタイル:94.81(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)

In CrCoNi, a so-called medium-entropy alloy, an fcc-to-hcp phase transformation has long been anticipated. Here, we report an in situ loading study with neutron diffraction, which revealed a bulk fcc-to-hcp phase transformation in CrCoNi at 15 K under tensile loading. By correlating deformation characteristics of the fcc phase with the development of the hcp phase, it is shown that the nucleation of the hcp phase was triggered by intrinsic stacking faults. The confirmation of a bulk phase transformation adds to the myriads of deformation mechanisms available in CrCoNi, which together underpin the unusually large ductility at low temperatures.

論文

Groundwater $$Elusimicrobia$$ are metabolically diverse compared to gut microbiome $$Elusimicrobia$$ and some have a novel nitrogenase paralog

M$'e$heust, R.*; Castelle, C. J.*; Matheus Carnevali, P. B.*; Farag, I. F.*; He, C.*; Chen, L.-X.*; 天野 由記; Hug, L. A.*; Banfield, J. F.*

ISME Journal, 14(12), p.2907 - 2922, 2020/12

 被引用回数:34 パーセンタイル:94.46(Ecology)

We reconstructed 94 draft-quality, non-redundant genomes from diverse animal-associated and natural environments. Genomes group into 12 clades, 10 of which previously lacked reference genomes. Groundwater-associated $$Elusimicrobia$$ are predicted to be capable of heterotrophic or autotrophic lifestyles, reliant on oxygen or nitrate/nitrite-dependent respiration of fatty acids, or a variety of organic compounds and Rnf-dependent acetogenesis with hydrogen and carbon dioxide as the substrates. Genomes from two clades of groundwater-associated $$Elusimicrobia$$ often encode a new homologous group of nitrogenase-like proteins that co-occur with an extensive suite of radical SAM-based proteins. We identified similar genomic loci in genomes of bacteria from the Gracilibacteria and Myxococcus phyla and predict that the gene clusters reduce a tetrapyrrole, possibly to form a novel cofactor. The animal-associated $$Elusimicrobia$$ clades nest phylogenetically within two groundwater-associated clades. Thus, we propose an evolutionary trajectory in which some $$Elusimicrobia$$ adapted to animal-associated lifestyles from groundwater-associated species via genome reduction.

論文

Search for elements 119 and 120

Khuyagbaatar, J.*; Yakushev, A.*; D$"u$llmann, Ch. E.*; Ackermann, D.*; Andersson, L.-L.*; 浅井 雅人; Block, M.*; Boll, R. A.*; Brand, H.*; Cox, D. M.*; et al.

Physical Review C, 102(6), p.064602_1 - 064602_9, 2020/12

 被引用回数:30 パーセンタイル:97.96(Physics, Nuclear)

原子番号119及び120を持つ超重元素の合成を目指した探索実験を、それぞれ$$^{50}$$Ti+$$^{249}$$Bk及び$$^{50}$$Ti+$$^{249}$$Cf核融合-粒子蒸発反応を用いて、ガス充填型反跳分離装置TASCAにて実施した。4ヶ月間におよぶビーム照射実験を行ったが、どちらの元素も検出されず、その生成断面積の上限値は65fb及び200fbであった。119, 120番元素が観測されなかった理由について、安定の島領域の超重元素の核分裂障壁の高さを予測する様々な理論計算値を用いて、核融合-粒子蒸発反応の概念を用いて議論した。

論文

Formation and mobility of soil organic carbon in a buried humic horizon of a volcanic ash soil

Wijesinghe, J. N.*; 小嵐 淳; 安藤 麻里子; 國分 陽子; 山口 紀子*; 佐瀬 隆*; 細野 衛*; 井上 弦*; 森 裕樹*; 平舘 俊太郎*

Geoderma, 374, p.114417_1 - 114417_10, 2020/09

 被引用回数:8 パーセンタイル:53.03(Soil Science)

Volcanic ash soils store a large amount of carbon as soil organic carbon (SOC) for a long term. However, the mechanisms of SOC accumulation in such soils remain unexplained. In the present study, we focused on SOC in a buried humic horizon of a volcanic ash soil, which formed between 5400 and 6800 yr BP. SOC was fractionated using a chemical fractionation method and the separated SOC fractions were characterized by $$^{14}$$C age, stable isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen, and chemical structure. Results showed that the SOC fractions differ in the degrees of biological transformation and mobility. However, generally the low mobility of all of the SOC fractions suggests that successive up-building accumulation of SOC contributes to the formation of thick humic horizon in the soil.

論文

Magnetic-field and composition tuned antiferromagnetic instability in the quantum spin-liquid candidate NaYbO$$_2$$

Guo, J.*; Zhao, X.*; 河村 聖子; Ling, L.*; Wang, J.*; He, L.*; 中島 健次; Li, B.*; Zhang, Z.*

Physical Review Materials (Internet), 4(6), p.064410_1 - 064410_7, 2020/06

 被引用回数:9 パーセンタイル:48.97(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)

NaYbO$$_2$$ has been reported as a possible host for the quantum spin-liquid state. Here, the composition-dependent polycrystalline Na$$_{1-x}$$YbO$$_2$$ ($$x = 0$$, 0.03, and 0.07) has been investigated by combining high-field magnetizations and inelastic neutron scattering techniques. For the $$x = 0$$ sample, no signature of a magnetic order is observed down to 0.3 K. Inelastic neutron scattering measurement suggests a continuous low-energy excitation spectrum centered at momentum transfer $$(Q) sim 1.25$$~$AA$^{-1}$$ and extending up to energy transfer $$(E) sim 2.0$$~meV. In contrast, $$x = 0.03$$ and 0.07 samples exhibit magnetic transitions at 1.1 and 2.3 K, respectively. High-field magnetization measurements indicate similar behaviors for $$x = 0$$ and 0.03 samples including plateau-like features at the 1/3 saturated magnetization, which implies that the spin disorder in the $$x = 0$$ sample might be suppressed preceding the emergence of the up-up-down phase. This composition- and field-dependent study allows us to construct complete phase diagrams indicating that NaYbO$$_2$$ is a promising candidate for the quantum spin-liquid state in close proximity to the antiferromagnetic instability tuned by the application of magnetic fields as well as controlling the concentration of Na$$^+$$ ion vacancies.

論文

Comparison of dislocation density, twin fault probability, and stacking fault energy between CrCoNi and CrCoNiFe medium entropy alloys deformed at 293 and 140K

Woo, W.*; Naeem, M.*; Jeong, J.-S.*; Lee, C.-M.*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; He, H.*; Wang, X.-L.*

Materials Science & Engineering A, 781, p.139224_1 - 139224_7, 2020/04

 被引用回数:32 パーセンタイル:93.55(Nanoscience & Nanotechnology)

To elucidate deformation behavior behind the exceptional mechanical properties of CrCoNi based medium entropy alloys, the deformation related microstructural parameters were determined by using in situ neutron diffraction and peaks profile analysis methods. Superior tensile strength and elongation of the CrCoNi alloy is relevant to higher twin fault probability ($$P_{tw}$$, up to 3.8%) and dislocation density ($$rho$$, up to 9.7 $$times$$ 10$$^{15}$$ m$$^{-2}$$) compared to those (1.3% and 3.4 $$times$$ 10$$^{15}$$ m$$^{-2}$$, respectively) of the CrCoNiFe at 293K. Meanwhile, at 140K, the $$P_{tw}$$ of the CrCoNiFe significantly increased up to 4.4% with the stable $$rho$$ of $$sim$$5.0 $$times$$ 10$$^{15}$$ m$$^{-2}$$ and its mechanical properties overwhelm those of the CrCoNi at 273K. Such twinning dominant deformation mechanism at low temperature is also assured by lower stacking fault energy (SFE) of the CrCoNiFe at 140K compared to those of the CrCoNi and CrCoNiFe alloys at 293K.

論文

Clades of huge phages from across Earth's ecosystems

Al-Shayeb, B.*; Sachdeva, R.*; Chen, L.-X.*; Ward, F.*; Munk, P.*; Devoto, A.*; Castelle, C. J.*; Olm, M. R.*; Bouma-Gregson, K.*; 天野 由記; et al.

Nature, 578(7795), p.425 - 431, 2020/02

 被引用回数:187 パーセンタイル:99.48(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

Phage typically have small genomes and depend on their bacterial hosts for replication. We generated metagenomic datasets from many diverse ecosystems and reconstructed hundreds of huge phage genomes, between 200 kbp and 716 kbp in length. Thirty four genomes were manually curated to completion, including the largest phage genomes yet reported. Expanded genetic repertoires include diverse and new CRISPR-Cas systems, tRNAs, tRNA synthetases, tRNA modification enzymes, initiation and elongation factors and ribosomal proteins. Phage CRISPR have the capacity to silence host transcription factors and translational genes, potentially as part of a larger interaction network that intercepts translation to redirect biosynthesis to phage-encoded functions. Some phage repurpose bacterial systems for phage-defense to eliminate competing phage. We phylogenetically define seven major clades of huge phage from human and other animal microbiomes, oceans, lakes, sediments, soils and the built environment. We conclude that large gene inventories reflect a conserved biological strategy, observed across a broad bacterial host range and resulting in the distribution of huge phage across Earth's ecosystems.

論文

Ultralow thermal conductivity from transverse acoustic phonon suppression in distorted crystalline $$alpha$$-MgAgSb

Li, X.*; Liu, P.-F.*; Zhao, E.*; Zhang, Z.*; Guide, T.*; Le, M. D.*; Avdeev, M.*; 池田 一貴*; 大友 季哉*; 古府 麻衣子; et al.

Nature Communications (Internet), 11, p.942_1 - 942_9, 2020/02

 被引用回数:30 パーセンタイル:89.49(Multidisciplinary Sciences)

高性能の熱電材料実現には低熱伝導率が必要であり、その機構としてはフォノンの非調和によるもの、あるいは、結晶構造の動的な乱れによるフォノンの散乱によるものがあげられ、どちらも中性子散乱でその現象が明らかにされている。我々は中性子散乱と第一原理計算を組み合わせ、$$alpha$$-MgAgSbにおいて、静的な結晶構造の乱れとフォノンの非調和性が組み合わされて極端に低い熱伝導率が実現されているということを見いだしたので、これを報告する。

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