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論文

Measurement of $$^{73}$$Ge(n,$$gamma$$) cross sections and implications for stellar nucleosynthesis

Lederer-Woods, C.*; Battino, U.*; Ferreira, P.*; Gawlik, A.*; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他128名*

Physics Letters B, 790, p.458 - 465, 2019/03

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.01.045

$$^{73}Ge(n,gamma)$$ cross sections were measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN up to neutron energies of 300 keV, providing for the first time experimental data above 8 keV. Results indicate that the stellar cross section at $$kT$$ =30 keV is 1.5 to 1.7 times higher than most theoretical predictions. The new cross sections result in a substantial decrease of $$^{73}$$Ge produced in stars, which would explain the low isotopic abundance of $$^{73}$$Ge in the solar system.

論文

Cross section measurements of $$^{155,157}$$Gd(n,$$gamma$$) induced by thermal and epithermal neutrons

Mastromarco, M.*; Manna, A.*; Aberle, O.*; Andrzejewski, J.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他116名*

European Physical Journal A, 55(1), p.9_1 - 9_20, 2019/01

https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2019-12692-7

Neutron capture cross section measurements on $$^{155}$$Gd and $$^{157}$$Gd were performed using the time-of-flight technique at the n_TOF facility at CERN on isotopically enriched samples. The measurements were carried out in the n TOF experimental area EAR1, at 185m from the neutron source, with an array of 4 C$$_6$$D$$_6$$ liquid scintillation detectors. At a neutron kinetic energy of 0.0253eV, capture cross sections of 62.2(2.2) and 239.8(8.4) kilobarn have been derived for $$^{155}$$Gd and $$^{157}$$Gd, respectively, with up to 6% deviation relative to values presently reported in nuclear data libraries, but consistent with those values within 1.6 standard deviations. A resonance shape analysis has been performed in the resolved resonance region up to 181eV and 307eV, respectively for $$^{155}$$Gd and $$^{157}$$Gd, where on average, resonance parameters have been found in good agreement with evaluations. Above these energies and up to 1keV, the observed resonance-like structure of the cross section has been analysed and characterised. From a statistical analysis of the observed neutron resonances we deduced: neutron strength function of 2.01(28) $$times$$ 10$$^{-4}$$ and 2.17(41) $$times$$ 10$$^{-4}$$; average total radiative width of 106.8(14)meV and 101.1(20)meV and s-wave resonance spacing 1.6(2)eV and 4.8(5)eV for n + $$^{155}$$Gd and n + $$^{157}$$Gd systems, respectively.

論文

$$^7$$Be(n,p)$$^7$$Li reaction and the cosmological lithium problem; Measurement of the cross section in a wide energy range at n_TOF at CERN

Damone, L.*; Barbagallo, M.*; Mastromarco, M.*; Cosentino, L.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他152名*

Physical Review Letters, 121(4), p.042701_1 - 042701_7, 2018/07

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.042701

We report on the measurement of the $$^7$$Be(n,p)$$^7$$Li cross section from thermal to approximately 325 keV neutron energy, performed in the high-flux experimental area (EAR2) of the n_TOF facility at CERN. This reaction plays a key role in the lithium yield of the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) for standard cosmology. The only two previous time-of-flight measurements performed on this reaction did not cover the energy window of interest for BBN, and they showed a large discrepancy between each other. The measurement was performed with a Si telescope and a high-purity sample produced by implantation of a $$^7$$Be ion beam at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. While a significantly higher cross section is found at low energy, relative to current evaluations, in the region of BBN interest, the present results are consistent with the values inferred from the time-reversal $$^7$$Li(p,n)$$^7$$Be reaction, thus yielding only a relatively minor improvement on the so-called cosmological lithium problem. The relevance of these results on the near threshold neutron production in the p+$$^7$$Li reaction is also discussed.

論文

Radiative neutron capture on $$^{242}$$Pu in the resonance region at the CERN n_TOF-EAR1 facility

Lerendegui-Marco, J.*; Guerrero, C.*; Mendoza, E.*; Quesada, J. M.*; Eberhardt, K.*; Junghans, A. R.*; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他126名*

Physical Review C, 97(2), p.024605_1 - 024605_21, 2018/02

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.024605

This paper presents a new time-of-flight capture measurement on $$^{242}$$Pu carried out at n_TOF-EAR1(CERN), focusing on the analysis and statistical properties of the resonance region, below 4 keV. The $$^{242}$$Pu(n,$$gamma$$)reaction on a sample containing 95(4) mg enriched to 99.959% was measured with an array of four C$$_6$$D$$_6$$ detectors and applying the total energy detection technique. The high neutron energy resolution of n_TOF-EAR1 and the good statistics accumulated have allowed us to extend the resonance analysis up to 4 keV, obtaining new individual and average resonance parameters from a capture cross section featuring a systematic uncertainty of 5%, fulfilling the request of the NEA.

論文

Measurement of the neutron capture cross-section of $$^{133}$$Cs as a part of the ImPACT project

Hales, B. P.; 中村 詔司; 木村 敦; 岩本 修

JAEA-Conf 2017-001, p.199 - 203, 2018/01

https://doi.org/10.11484/jaea-conf-2017-001

As part of the ImPACT project, it is currently planned to measure the neutron cross-section of $$^{135}$$Cs (half-life $$2.3 times 10^6$$ y), a long-lived fission product (LLFP), via neutron time-of-flight (TOF) method at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Both $$^{133}$$Cs (natural Cs, stable) and $$^{137}$$Cs (half-life $$30.0$$ y) are unavoidable contaminants in the $$^{135}$$Cs sample. In working towards the measurement of $$^{135}$$Cs, a measurement of non-radioactive $$^{133}$$Cs has been conducted. The neutron capture cross-section of $$^{133}$$Cs in the thermal to epithermal energy region was experimentally measured via neutron TOF method at J-PARC. Measured results show good agreement with JENDL in the energy region below 10 eV.

論文

CERN n_TOF実験での四方山話

木村 敦

核データニュース(インターネット), (118), p.36 - 42, 2017/10

http://www.aesj.or.jp/~ndd/ndnews/pdf118/No118-06.pdf

欧州原子核研究機構(CERN)にあるn_TOF実験施設において、Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIMAT)と共同代表としてCm-244,246の中性子捕獲断面積測定研究を進めており、2017年夏n_TOF実験施設で測定実験を行った。本稿では堅苦しい学術的な話ではなく、読者の広場だからこそ書けるn_TOF実験施設での実験の様子や訪問の際に知っていれば便利だと思うことを紹介する。

論文

Measurement of the $$^{240}$$Pu(n,f) cross-section at the CERN n_TOF facility; First results from experimental area II (EAR-2)

Stamatopoulos, A.*; Tsinganis, A.*; Colonna, N.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他126名*

EPJ Web of Conferences (Internet), 146, p.04030_1 - 04030_4, 2017/09

https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714604030
 被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：4.05

The accurate knowledge of the neutron-induced fission cross-sections of actinides and other isotopes involved in the nuclear fuel cycle is essential for the design of advanced nuclear systems, such as Generation-IV nuclear reactors. Such experimental data can also provide the necessary feedback for the adjustment of nuclear model parameters used in the evaluation process, resulting in the further development of nuclear fission models. In the present work, the $$^{240}$$Pu(n,f) cross-section was measured at CERN n_TOF facility relative to the well-known $$^{235}$$U(n,f) cross section, over a wide range of neutron energies, from meV to almost MeV, using the time-of-flight technique and a set-up based on Micromegas detectors. This measurement was the first experiment to be performed at n_TOF new experimental area (EAR-2), which offers a significantly higher neutron flux compared to the already existing experimental area (EAR-1).Preliminary results as well as the experimental procedure, including a description of the facility and the data handling and analysis, are presented.

論文

Monte Carlo simulations of the n_TOF lead spallation target with the Geant4 toolkit; A Benchmark study

Lerendegui-Marco, J.*; Cort$'e$s-Giraldo, M. A.*; Guerrero, C.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他114名*

EPJ Web of Conferences (Internet), 146, p.03030_1 - 03030_4, 2017/09

https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714603030
 パーセンタイル：100

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are an essential tool to determine fundamental features of a neutron beam, such as the neutron flux or the $$gamma$$ ray background, that sometimes can not be measured or at least not in every position or energy range. Until recently, the most widely used MC codes in this field had been MCNPX and FLUKA. However, the Geant4 toolkit has also become a competitive code for the transport of neutrons after the development of the native Geant4 format for neutron data libraries, G4NDL. In this context, we present the Geant4 simulations of the neutron spallation target of the n TOF facility at CERN, done with version 10.1.1 of the toolkit. The first goal was the validation of the intra-nuclear cascade models implemented in the code using, as benchmark, the characteristics of the neutron beam measured at the first experimental area (EAR1), especially the neutron flux and energy distribution, and the time distribution of neutrons of equal kinetic energy, the so-called Resolution Function. The second goal was the development of a Monte Carlo tool aimed to provide useful calculations for both the analysis and planning of the upcoming measurements at the new experimental area (EAR2) of the facility.

論文

$$^7$$Be(n,$$alpha$$) and $$^7$$Be(n,p) cross-section measurement for the cosmological lithium problem at the n_TOF facility at CERN

Barbagallo, M.*; Colonna, N.*; Aberle, O.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他125名*

EPJ Web of Conferences (Internet), 146, p.01012_1 - 01012_4, 2017/09

https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714601012
 パーセンタイル：100

The Cosmological Lithium Problem refers to the large discrepancy between the abundance of primordial $$^7$$Li predicted by the standard theory of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the value inferred from the so-called "Spite plateau" in halo stars. A possible explanation for this longstanding puzzle in Nuclear Astrophysics is related to the incorrect estimation of the destruction rate of $$^7$$Be, which is responsible for the production of 95% of primordial Lithium. While charged-particle induced reactions have mostly been ruled out, data on the $$^7$$Be(n,$$alpha$$) and $$^7$$Be(n,p) reactions are scarce or completely missing, so that a large uncertainty still affects the abundance of $$^7$$Li predicted by the standard theory of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Both reactions have been measured at the n_TOF facility at CERN, providing for the first time data in a wide neutron energy range._1

論文

The n_TOF facility; Neutron beams for challenging future measurements at CERN

Chiaveri, E.*; Aberle, O.*; Andrzejewski, J.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他111名*

EPJ Web of Conferences (Internet), 146, p.03001_1 - 03001_4, 2017/09

https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714603001
 パーセンタイル：100

The CERN n_TOF neutron beam facility is characterized by a very high instantaneous neutron flux, excellent TOF resolution at the 185m long flight path (EAR-1), low intrinsic background and coverage of a wide range of neutron energies, from thermal to a few GeV. The overall efficiency of the experimental program and the range of possible measurements has been expanded with the construction of a second experimental area (EAR-2), located 20m on the vertical of the n_TOF spallation target. This upgrade, which benefits from a neutron flux 30 times higher than in EAR-1, provides a substantial extension in measurement capabilities, opening the possibility to collect data on neutron cross-section of isotopes with short half-lives or available in very small amounts. We will discuss the innovative features of the EAR-2 neutron beam that make possible to perform very challenging measurements on short-lived radioisotopes or sub-mg samples, out of reach up to now at other neutron facilities around the world. Finally, the future perspectives of the facility will be presented.

論文

Time-of-flight and activation experiments on $$^{147}$$Pm and $$^{171}$$Tm for astrophysics

Guerrero, C.*; Lerendegui-Marco, J.*; Domingo-Pardo, C.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他113名*

EPJ Web of Conferences (Internet), 146, p.01007_1 - 01007_4, 2017/09

https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714601007
 パーセンタイル：100

The neutron capture cross section of several key unstable isotopes acting as branching points in the s-process are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis studies, but they are very challenging to measure due to the difficult production of sufficient sample material, the high activity of the resulting samples, and the actual (n,$$gamma$$) measurement, for which high neutron fluxes and effective background rejection capabilities are required. Capture cross section of $$^{147}$$Pm and $$^{171}$$Tm have been measured for time-of-flight measurements at the CERN n_TOF facility using the 19 and 185m beam lines. Activation experiments on the same $$^{147}$$Pm and $$^{171}$$Tm targets with a high-intensity 30 keV quasi-Maxwellian flux of neutrons will be performed using the SARAF accelerator and the Liquid-Lithium Target (LiLiT) in order to extract the corresponding Maxwellian Average Cross Section (MACS). The status of these experiments and preliminary results will be presented and discussed as well.

論文

Nuclear data activities at the n_TOF facility at CERN

Gunsing, F.*; 原田 秀郎; 木村 敦; n_TOF Collaboration*; 他141名*

European Physical Journal Plus (Internet), 131(10), p.371_1 - 371_13, 2016/10

https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2016-16371-4
 被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：45.56(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

Nuclear data in general, and neutron-induced reaction cross sections in particular, are important for a wide variety of research fields. They play a key role in the safety and criticality assessment of nuclear technology, not only for existing power reactors but also for radiation dosimetry, medical applications, the transmutation of nuclear waste, accelerator-driven systems, fuel cycle investigations and future reactor systems as in Generation IV. Applications of nuclear data are also related to research fields as the study of nuclear level densities and stellar nucleosynthesis. Simulations and calculations of nuclear technology applications largely rely on evaluated nuclear data libraries. The evaluations in these libraries are based both on experimental data and theoretical models. CERN's neutron time-of-flight facility, n_TOF, has produced a considerable amount of experimental data since it has become fully operational with the start of the scientific measurement program in 2001. While for a long period a single measurement station (EAR1) located at 185 m from the neutron production target was available, the construction of a second beam line at 20 m (EAR2) in 2014 has substantially increased the measurement capabilities of the facility. An outline of the experimental nuclear data activities at n_TOF will be presented.

論文

$$^{7}$$Be($$n, alpha)^{4}$$He reaction and the cosmological lithium problem; Measurement of the cross section in a wide energy range at n_TOF at CERN

Barbagallo, M.*; Musumarra, A.*; Cosentino, L.*; Maugeri, E.*; Heinitz, S.*; Mengoni, A.*; Dressler, R.*; Schumann, D.*; K$"a$ppeler, F.*; 原田 秀郎; et al.

Physical Review Letters, 117(15), p.152701_1 - 152701_7, 2016/10

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.152701
 被引用回数：31 パーセンタイル：6.11(Physics, Multidisciplinary)

The energy-dependent cross section of the $$^{7}$$Be($$n, alpha)^{4}$$He reaction, of interest for the so-called cosmological lithium problem in big bang nucleosynthesis, has been measured for the first time from 10 meV to 10 keV neutron energy. Coincidences between the two alpha particles have been recorded in two Si-$$^{7}$$Be-Si arrays placed directly in the neutron beam. The present results are consistent, at thermal neutron energy, with the only previous measurement performed in the 1960s at a nuclear reactor. The energy dependence reported here clearly indicates the inadequacy of the cross section estimates currently used in BBN calculations. Although new measurements at higher neutron energy may still be needed, the n_TOF results hint at a minor role of this reaction in BBN, leaving the long-standing cosmological lithium problem unsolved.

論文

Minor actinide neutron capture cross-section measurements with a 4$$pi$$ Ge spectrometer

小泉 光生; 長 明彦; 藤 暢輔; 木村 敦; 水本 元治; 大島 真澄; 井頭 政之*; 大崎 敏郎*; 原田 秀郎*; 古高 和禎*; et al.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 562(2), p.767 - 770, 2006/06

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.02.051
 被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：57.17(Instruments & Instrumentation)

原子核科学研究グループにおいては、文科省公募型特会事業において、マイナーアクチニドの中性子捕獲断面積を測ることを目的として、4$$pi$$Geスペクトロメータを使った実験装置の準備を行っている。実験は、京大炉の電子LINAC施設で行う予定で、TOF中性子ビームラインの整備はほぼ完了している。4$$pi$$Geスペクトロメータの建設は進行中である。並行して、デジタル処理テクニックに基づく新しいデータ収集システムの開発を行った。以上この事業の現状について紹介する。

論文

JENDL photonuclear data file

岸田 則生*; 村田 徹*; 浅見 哲夫*; 小迫 和明*; 真木 紘一*; 原田 秀郎*; Lee, Y.*; Chang, J.*; 千葉 敏; 深堀 智生

AIP Conference Proceedings 769, p.199 - 202, 2005/05

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1944989

光核反応に対する核データは、高エネルギー電子加速器の遮蔽設計及び高エネルギー$$gamma$$線治療の分野に必要である。JENDL光核反応データファイルは、シグマ委員会の光核反応データ評価ワーキンググループによって整備された。われわれは多くの文献サーベイから、評価に必要な十分な実験データが圧倒的に不足しているので、光核反応データファイルを実験データのみから作成するのは困難であるという結論を得た。したがって、評価は統計模型核反応モデルの助けを借りて実施した。JENDL光核反応データファイルに格納される断面積データ等の物理量は、光吸収断面積,中性子,陽子,重陽子,三重陽子,$$^{3}$$He粒子,$$alpha$$粒子の収量及び二重微分断面積,同位体生成断面積である。アクチノイド核種に対しては、これに光核分裂断面積を加える。格納される$$^{2}$$Hから$$^{237}$$Npまでの68核種に対する最大光子入射エネルギーは140MeVである。

論文

Full characterization of an intense pulsed hyperthermal molecular beam

渡辺 大裕*; Che, D.-C.*; 福山 哲也*; 橋之口 道宏*; 寺岡 有殿; 笠井 俊夫*

Review of Scientific Instruments, 76(5), p.055108_1 - 055108_5, 2005/05

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1898204
 被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：66.05(Instruments & Instrumentation)

強いパルス超熱分子ビームを得るための分子ビーム技術が開発された。そのビーム源はパルスバルブ,冷却水管(これは高温ノズルからの伝熱からパルスバルブを保護する),ヒーター付きのノズルから構成される。実際にHCl分子のパルスHTMBが生成されて、その特徴が(2+1)共鳴増感多光子イオン化法と生成イオンの飛行時間分析によって評価された。

論文

Current status and newly introduced analytical techniques for safeguards environmental samples at JAERI

間柄 正明; 臼田 重和; 桜井 聡; 渡部 和男; 江坂 文孝; 平山 文夫; Lee, C. G.; 安田 健一郎; 河野 信昭; 伊奈川 潤; et al.

Proceedings of INMM 46th Annual Meeting (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2005/00

原研では、国際保障措置制度の堅持に貢献するため、環境試料分析のための極微量核物質の分析法を開発している。スワイプ試料のバルク及びパーティクル分析の基本技術については開発を終了し、2003年にIAEAからIAEAネットワーク分析所として認証され、現在ネットワーク分析所の一員として活動している。今回、マイナーアクチノイドや核分裂生成物,フィッショントラック法を用いたパーティクル分析法の開発を行い、ICP-TOFMAを使った効率的なパーティクル分析法,蛍光エックス線を用いたスクリーニング法の開発を開始したので、その概要と現状について報告する。

論文

Performance test of neutron resonance spin echo at a pulsed source

丸山 龍治*; 田崎 誠司*; 日野 正裕*; 武田 全康; 海老澤 徹*; 川端 祐司*

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 530(3), p.505 - 512, 2004/09

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.04.233
 被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：45.52(Instruments & Instrumentation)

中性子共鳴スピンエコー法は中性子準弾性散乱を高いエネルギー分解能で測定することのできる手法である。この中性子共鳴スピンエコー法をパルス中性子と組合せて使うと、非常に広範囲なスピンエコータイムをカバーすることができるため、原子炉で使用するよりも多くの利点がある。われわれは、すでに開発済みのパルス中性子用の共鳴フリッパーを利用して、0.3nmから0.9nmの範囲のパルス中性子に対して、スピンエコーシグナルを観測することに成功した。

論文

原研むつ・タンデトロン加速器の現状

北村 敏勝; 外川 織彦; 荒巻 能史; 鈴木 崇史; 甲 昭二*

第15回タンデム加速器及びその周辺技術の研究会報告集, p.1 - 6, 2003/03

平成9年4月、海洋環境における放射性核種の移行挙動にかかわる研究を目的としてタンデトロン加速器質量分析装置(HVEE社製 Model 4130-AMS)を導入した。本装置は最大加速電圧3MVのタンデム加速器で炭素及びヨウ素の同位体比測定に用いられる。炭素ラインは、平成10年6月、$$^{13}$$C/$$^{12}$$C比及び$$^{14}$$C/$$^{12}$$Cの測定精度を確認(0.5%以下)し、平成11年12月から$$^{14}$$Cの定常測定を開始した。また、ヨウ素ラインは、平成12年7月に$$^{129}$$I/$$^{127}$$I比の繰返し測定精度を確認(~1.6%)した。昨年10月、$$^{129}$$Iの定常運転を行うため調整を開始したが飛行時間(TOF:Time of Flight)型検出器のMCP(Micro Channel Plate)に不具合が見つかり調整を中断した。本講演では、平成13年度の運転状況,整備状況等について紹介する。

論文

Photofission of $$^{209}$$Bi at intermediate energies

羽場 宏光; 笠岡 誠*; 五十嵐 学*; 鷲山 幸信*; 松村 宏*; 大浦 泰嗣*; 柴田 誠一*; 坂本 浩*; 古川 路明*; 藤原 一郎*

Radiochimica Acta, 90(7), p.371 - 382, 2002/08

http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.2002.90.7_2002.371
 被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：80.93(Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear)

最大エネルギー(E$$_{0}$$)=450-1100MeVの制動放射線を$$^{209}$$Bi標的に照射し、生成核質量数領域56$$leq$$A$$leq$$135において総計63核種の光核分裂収率を測定した。これらの収率値に、most probable charge(Z$$_{p}$$)をAの一次関数Z$$_{p}$$=RA+S,分布の半値幅FWHM$$_{CD}$$をAによらず一定と仮定したガウス関数を最小二乗フィットさせ荷電分布を求めた。Z$$_{p}$$並びにFWHM$$_{CD}$$値は、E$$_{0}$$$$geq$$600MeVで変化せず一定でR=0.421$$pm$$0.001, S=0.6$$pm$$0.1, FWHM$$_{CD}$$=2.1$$pm$$0.1c.d.であった。これらの荷電分布パラメータを基に収率データがある質量数で質量収率を求めた。得られた対称的質量収率分布はガウス関数で再現でき、その半値幅(FWHM$$_{MD}$$)とmost probable mass(A$$_{p}$$)はそれぞれFWHM$$_{MD}$$=33$$pm$$1m.u.,A$$_{p}$$=96$$pm$$1m.u.であった。本研究で得られた$$^{209}$$Biの荷電分布,質量収率分布は、$$^{197}$$Auの同様の実験結果並びに光子誘起核内カスケード理論計算PICA3/GEM(Photon-induced Intranuclear Cascade Analysis code combined with the Generalized Evaporation Model)と比較しながら議論する。

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