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微小シャルピー試験片を用いた標準試験片試験特性評価と照射脆化機構に関する研究 (先行基礎工学研究に関する共同研究報告書)

Evaluation of Radiation Embrittlement by Charpy Impact Tests with Miniaturized Specimens

栗下 裕明*; 山本 琢也*; 鳴井 實*; 吉武 庸光 ; 赤坂 尚昭

Kurishita, Hiroaki*; Yamamoto, Takuya*; Narui, Minoru*; Yoshitake, Tsunemitsu; Akasaka, Naoaki

高速実験炉「常陽」で照射された高強度フェライト/マルテンサイト鋼(PNC-FMS(2WFK、63WFS))および酸化物分散強化型マルテンサイト鋼(H35)のハーフサイズと微小サイズ(1.5$$times$$1.5$$times$$20mm)試験片について計装化シャルピー衝撃試験を行い、照射脆化を評価した。また、照射脆化に及ぼす熱時効と組織の効果を検討した。次に、シャルピー衝撃試験における延性脆性遷移温度(DBTT)に及ぼす試験片サイズ・ノッチ形状の効果を解明するために、塑性拘束係数$$alpha$$を次式で定義する。a=s*/sy*ここで、s*はへき開破壊の臨界応力、sy*はDBTTにおけるシャルピー衝撃試験と同一ひずみ速度での単軸降伏応力である。s*とsy*を評価する方法を示し、その方法により2WFKの試験片サイズ・ノッチ形状の異なる計12種類の試験片についてaを評価した。 aは試験片サイズを表す (A*/b2) と次の関係にあることが示される。a=a0.k(A*/b2)0.4但し、A*はs*に対応する臨界面積、bはリガメントサイズである。また、a0とkはa/W(aはノッチ深さ、Wは試験片の幅)に依存する定数であり、a/W が大きいほどaは大きい。

Radiation embrittlement in high-strength ferritic/martensitic steels of 2WFK and 63WFS and oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) martensitic steel of H-35 that were irradiated in the experimental fast reactor JOYO is evaluated by instrumented Charpy impact tests for miniaturized (1.5 x 1.5 x 20 mm) and half-sized Charpy V-notch (CVN) specimens. Effects of thermal aging and microstructural evolution during irradiation on radiation embrittlement are described. Next, in order to clarify the specimen size effects on the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) in Charpy impact testing, a method to evaluate the plastic constraint loss for differently sized CVN specimens that may be responsible for the size effects is proposed and applied to 2 WFK. In the method, the constraint factor, a, that is an index of the plastic constraint is defined as a = s*/sy*. Here, s* is the critical cleavage fracture stress which is a material constant and sy* is the uniaxial yield stress at the DBTT at the strain rate generated in the Charpy impact test. The procedures for evaluating each of s* and sy* are described and the result of s* and sy*, thus the value of a, is presented for various types of miniaturized and full-sized CVN specimens of 2 WFK. It is shown that there is the following relationship between a and the specimen size factor, (A*/b2). a=a0-k(A*/b2)0.4 Here, A* is the critical area for cleavage fracture and b is the ligament size. a0 and k are constants depending on a /W (a is the notch depth and W is the specimen width). a increases with increasing a /W.

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