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Effect of $$gamma$$-ray irradiation on enzymatic hydrolysis of spent corncob substrates from edible mushroom, enokitake(${it Flammulina velutipes}$) cultivation

エノキタケ廃菌床の酵素分解における$$gamma$$線照射の影響

下川 知子*; 中村 雅哉*; 長澤 尚胤; 玉田 正男; 石原 光朗*

Shimokawa, Tomoko*; Nakamura, Masaya*; Nagasawa, Naotsugu; Tamada, Masao; Ishihara, Mitsuro*

コーンコブ,米ぬかを主原料とした菌床栽培により生じるエノキタケ廃菌床の、酵素分解処理における$$gamma$$線照射の影響について検討を行った。菌床の全重量は培養過程で34%減少していたが、リグニンは残存していた。廃菌床の主な糖組成はグルコースとキシロースであった。500kGyの$$gamma$$線照射処理により廃菌床の酵素糖化率はほぼ倍になり、一定時間のブレンダー処理によって生じる細粒子の量も増加した。照射処理によって廃菌床中のホロセルロースは明らかに低分子化しており、試料がもろくなった原因と考えられた。また、照射によって、キシラン由来の糖成分の水溶解性が高まった。そのため、セルラーゼのほかに、キシラナーゼ,キシロシダーゼが含まれているトリコデルマ由来の酵素製剤セルロシンTP25を用いることで、酵素糖化率は48%から80%にまで上昇した。

The effect of $$gamma$$-ray irradiation on enzymatic hydrolysis of spent enokitake mushroom substrate containing corncob meal and rice bran as major components was studied. Almost all the lignin component remained in the bottle though 34% of the original substrate was consumed. Polysaccharides consisting of glucose and xylose residues were the major components of the spent substrate. The saccharification rate of the spent substrate doubled with irradiation at a dose of 500 kGy, and the irradiated sample formed finer particles than the untreated sample after the same period of grinding. The holocellulose was apparently depolymerized by irradiation, resulted in the fragility of the substrate. An appreciable amount of xylan-derived sugars were extracted with water from the irradiated sample. The enzymatic saccharification rate of the irradiated spent enokitake substrate increased to over 80% with Cellulosin TP 25 from Trichoderma viride, which possesses endo-$$beta$$-D-xylanase and $$beta$$-D-xylosidase activities as well as cellulase activities.

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