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Challenging studies by accelerator mass spectrometry for the development of environmental radiology; Status report on the analysis of $$^{90}$$Sr and $$^{135}$$Cs by AMS

環境放射能学の発展を目指した加速器質量分析による挑戦的研究

本多 真紀   ; Martschini, M.*; Wieser, A.*; Marchhart, O.*; Lachner, J.*; Priller, A.*; Steier, P.*; Golser, R.*; 坂口 綾*

Honda, Maki; Martschini, M.*; Wieser, A.*; Marchhart, O.*; Lachner, J.*; Priller, A.*; Steier, P.*; Golser, R.*; Sakaguchi, Aya*

加速器質量分析(AMS)は、原子核実験で主に利用させれてきたタンデム加速器に質量分析を組み合わせた分析法である。AMSの測定対象は半減期が10$$^{3}$$-10$$^{8}$$年の放射性核種である。この程度の半減期の放射性核種に対しては、その放射能を測定するよりも、その質量を測定する手法の方が10$$^{3}$$-10$$^{6}$$倍の感度で測定可能である。この特徴を利用してAMSは地球惑星科学、原子力分野等の研究に幅広く適応されている。様々な研究の中でもWallner et al. (2021, 2016)は地球惑星科学の分野で優れた成果を得ている。彼らは環境試料に含まれる$$^{60}$$Feと$$^{244}$$Puの超高感度分析に成功した。これらは天体内で起こる中性子の連続捕獲(r-process)によって生成される放射性核種である。この他に、発表者らの最新の研究ではレーザーによる同重体分離とAMSとを組み合わせた新AMSシステム(ウィーン大学VERA)による環境試料中の$$^{90}$$Srと$$^{135}$$Csの超高感度分析に成功した。環境中の$$^{90}$$Sr測定手法としては娘核種$$^{90}$$Yのミルキングによる$$beta$$線測定が依然主力であるが、本成果によってAMSが実用的な新規分析法となることが示された。本発表では$$^{90}$$Srと$$^{135}$$Csを中心に超高感度分析の技術開発の現状を報告する。

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is an analytical method that combines mass spectrometry with a tandem accelerator, which has been used mainly in nuclear physics experiments. AMS is used to measure radionuclides with half-lives of 10$$^{3}$$-10$$^{8}$$ years. For radionuclides with half-lives of this order, the method of measuring their mass is 10$$^{3}$$-10$$^{6}$$ times more sensitive than measuring their activity. Because of this advantage, AMS has been widely applied in Earth and planetary sciences, atomic energy research, and other fields. Among the various studies, Wallner et al. (2021, 2016) have achieved excellent work in Earth and planetary sciences. For example, they have attained the ultra-sensitive analysis of $$^{60}$$Fe and $$^{244}$$Pu in environmental samples. These are radionuclides produced by rapid-neutron-capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis. Our recent work shows that a new AMS system (VERA, University of Vienna), which combines laser isobaric separation and a typical AMS system, has been successfully applied to the ultra-sensitive determination of $$^{90}$$Sr and $$^{135}$$Cs in environment. For $$^{90}$$Sr in environmental samples, the $$beta$$-ray measurement by the milking of the daughter nuclide $$^{90}$$Y is still the principal method, which takes 3-6 weeks. The new AMS method has a detection limit of $$<$$ 0.1 mBq, which is comparable to that of $$beta$$-ray measurement, with a more straightforward chemical treatment than $$beta$$-measurement. Our achievement demonstrates that AMS can be a practical new method for determining $$^{90}$$Sr in the environment.

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