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田村 由起子*; 荒川 勝利*; 竹中 幹人*; 中西 洋平*; 藤波 想*; 柴田 基樹*; 山本 勝宏*; 宮田 登*; 山田 雅子*; 瀬戸 秀紀*; et al.
Polymer, 333, p.128662_1 - 128662_8, 2025/08
被引用回数：0To investigate the relationship between the mechanical properties of silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and the amount of bound rubber at the filler/rubber interface, the polymer matrix was extracted from silica-filled SBR using toluene at room temperature. In this study, this extraction process was reproduced by leaching a thermally annealed SBR layer deposited on a Si substrate in toluene at room temperature, where the adsorption layer of the SBR was grown at the interface with the substrate by thermal annealing. The SBR adsorption layer on the Si substrate has two-layer structures consisting of an inner and outer adsorption layers, which correspond to the tightly and loosely bound rubbers on the filler surface of the silica-filled SBR, respectively. For the sample annealed for less than 6 h, the outer adsorption layer, loosely bound to the substrate, was easily leached in toluene for 5 min, leaving only the inner adsorption layer on the substrate. For the samples annealed for more than 24 h, a large portion of the outer adsorption layer remained on top of the inner adsorption layer as a terrace structure. However, even for the sample annealed for 24 h, treating with toluene for 24 h completely leached the outer adsorption layer from the inner adsorption layer, although the inner adsorption layer remained on the substrate. It was found that the loosely bound rubber in the silica-filled SBR could be easily extracted from the filler surface, along with the free polymer chains in the polymer matrix during extraction with toluene at room temperature. In contrast, the tightly bound rubber was not leached by toluene at room temperature. This may be because the interfacial polymer chains within approximately 1 nm of the substrate surface were strongly constrained to the substrate, and even toluene molecules were excluded.
宮崎 司*; 宮田 登*; 有馬 寛*; 下北 啓輔*; 山本 勝宏*; 竹中 幹人*; 中西 洋平*; 柴田 基樹*; 青木 裕之; 山田 悟史*; et al.
Colloids and Surfaces A; Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 701, p.134928_1 - 134928_8, 2024/11
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.00(Chemistry, Physical)Isotactic polypropylene (PP) thin films deposited on Si substrates were subjected to neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements under various humidity conditions to evaluate the isothermal adsorption of water accumulated between the PP layer and Si substrate, with focus on the temperature-dependence of the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption of accumulated water followed a single type II isotherm according to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) classification, regardless of temperature. This can be attributed to the weak interactions between the PP layer and Si substrate, and between the PP layer and water molecules. Hydrophobic PP does not significantly interact with water molecules and the hydrophilic Si surface. Therefore, the interfacial water molecules are simply adsorbed on the native oxide layer on Si via simple interaction between the water molecules and the silicon oxide surface without being affected by the PP layer. Consequently, the adsorption isotherm of the accumulated water follows the single type II adsorption isotherm regardless of temperature, similar to the adsorption isotherm of water simply adsorbed on exposed silica surfaces. These weak interactions of the PP layer with the Si surface and water molecules also lead to fast diffusion kinetics for the accumulated water along the interface.
下北 啓輔*; 山本 勝宏*; 宮田 登*; 柴田 基樹*; 中西 洋平*; 荒川 勝利*; 竹中 幹人*; 木田 拓充*; 徳満 勝久*; 田中 亮*; et al.
Langmuir, 40(30), p.15758 - 15766, 2024/07
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：0.00(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)To investigate the structure of the interface between polyethylene films and substrates, the neutron reflectivity (NR) of deuterated polyethylene (dPE) thin films deposited on Si substrates was measured, demonstrating water accumulation at the interface, even under ambient conditions. After leaching the thermally annealed dPE films in hot p-xylene, NR measurements were conducted on the layers remaining on the substrate, clearly revealing that the adsorption layer of dPE grew during annealing and consisted of two layers, an inner adsorption layer and an outer adsorption layer, as previously proposed for amorphous polymers. The inner adsorption layer was approximately 3.7 nm thick with a density comparable to that of the bulk. The outer adsorption layer was several nanometers thick and appeared to grow insufficiently on top of the inner adsorption layer under the annealing conditions examined in this study. This study clarifying the growth of the adsorption layer of polyethylene at the interface with an inorganic substrate is useful for improving the performance of polymer/inorganic filler nanocomposites due to the wide utility of crystalline polyolefins as polymer matrix materials in nanocomposites.
中西 洋平*; 柴田 基樹*; 澤田 諭*; 近藤 寛朗*; 元川 竜平; 熊田 高之; 山本 勝宏*; 三田 一樹*; 宮崎 司*; 竹中 幹人*
Polymer, 306, p.127209_1 - 127209_7, 2024/06
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：50.19(Polymer Science)Adding silane coupling agents to rubber/silica particles systems improves their mechanical properties and the dispersion of the particles. The improvement is believed to be attributed to the enhanced adsorption of rubber molecules on the surface of silica particles by the silane coupling agent. However, the enhancement of the adsorption by silane coupling agent has not been clarified quantitatively yet. In this study, we have investigated the difference in (i) the adsorption of rubber on silica surfaces and (ii) the aggregation of silica particles in rubber/silica particle systems with and without silane coupling agents by using contrast variation neutron scattering (CV-SANS). The CVSANS results quantitatively clarified the adsorption layer's thickness and the degree of aggregation for both systems. In the case of the system without silane coupling agents, the adsorption layers do not exist around the particles, and the particles tend to aggregate. On the other hand, the adsorption layers of about 5.3 nm are formed on the surface of the particles in the system with silane coupling agents, and the addition of silane coupling agents suppressed the aggregation.
柴田 基樹*; 中西 洋平*; 阿部 淳*; 有馬 寛*; 岩瀬 裕希*; 柴山 充弘*; 元川 竜平; 熊田 高之; 高田 慎一; 山本 勝宏*; et al.
Polymer Journal, 55(11), p.1165 - 1170, 2023/11
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：17.57(Polymer Science)Marine ecosystem degradation due to micro plastics is a significant environmental problem, as acknowledged by Sustainable Development Goal 14. Decomposition of plastics using near critical or supercritical water is one of the promising methods to reduce micro plastics. To attain the optimization of the method for improving environmental friendliness, it is necessary to clarify the structural change of materials during the process. We, thus, investigated the decomposition processes of polystyrene particles dispersed in deuterated water (D
O) during heating under near critical or supercritical conditions by using in situ small-angle neutron scattering. Under subcritical conditions, the PS particles were swollen by DO due to increased compatibility with temperature. Near the critical point in subcritical conditions, the cleavage of PS chains in the particles occurred, so that the swollen ratio was much enhanced though the PS particles kept their shapes. In a supercritical condition, the PS particles were degraded into oil including oligomers or monomers and the phase-separated structures with styrene-rich and DO-rich regions.
下北 啓輔*; 山本 勝宏*; 宮田 登*; 中西 洋平*; 柴田 基樹*; 竹中 幹人*; 山田 悟史*; 瀬戸 秀紀*; 青木 裕之; 宮崎 司*
Soft Matter, 19(11), p.2082 - 2089, 2023/03
被引用回数：5 パーセンタイル：50.64(Chemistry, Physical)In the case of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films on a Si substrate, thermal annealing induces the formation of a layer of PMMA chains tightly adsorbed near the substrate interface, and the strongly adsorbed PMMA remains on the substrate, even after washing with toluene (hereinafter called adsorbed sample). Neutron reflectometry revealed that the concerned structure consists of three layers: an inner layer (tightly bound on the substrate), a middle layer (bulk-like), and an outer layer (surface) in the adsorbed sample. When an adsorbed sample was exposed to toluene vapor, it became clear that, between the solid adsorption layer (which does not swell) and bulk-like swollen layer, there was a "buffer layer" that could sorb more toluene molecules than the bulk-like layer. This buffer layer was found not only in the adsorbed sample but also in the standard spin-cast PMMA thin films on the substrate. When the polymer chains were firmly adsorbed and immobilized on the Si substrate, the freedom of the possible structure right next to the tightly bound layer was reduced, which restricted the relaxation of the conformation of the polymer chain strongly. The "buffer layer" was manifested by the sorption of toluene with different scattering length density contrasts.
下北 啓輔*; 山本 勝宏*; 宮田 登*; 有馬 寛*; 中西 洋平*; 竹中 幹人*; 柴田 基樹*; 山田 悟史*; 瀬戸 秀紀*; 青木 裕之; et al.
Langmuir, 38(41), p.12457 - 12465, 2022/10
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：12.88(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)We measured the neutron reflectivity (NR) of isotactic polypropylene (PP) thin films deposited on Si substrates modified by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) at the saturated vapor pressure of deuterated water at 25
C and 60C/85% RH to investigate the effect of HMDS on the interfacial water accumulation in PP-based polymer/inorganic filler nanocomposites and metal/resin bonding materials. We found that the amount of water accumulated at the PP/Si interface decreased with increasing immersion time of the Si substrate in a solution of HMDS in hexane prior to PP film deposition. During the immersion of the Si substrate, the HMDS molecules were deposited on the Si substrate as a monolayer without aggregation. Furthermore, the coverage of the HMDS monolayer on the Si substrate increased with increasing immersion time. At 60C and 85% RH, only a slight amount of interfacial water was detected after HMDS treatment for 1200 min. As a result, the maximum concentration of interfacial water was reduced to 0.1 from 0.3, where the latter corresponds to the PP film deposited on the untreated substrate.
今井 彩帆里*; 荒川 勝利*; 中西 洋平*; 竹中 幹人*; 青木 裕之; 大内 誠*; 寺島 崇矢*
Macromolecules, 55(20), p.9113 - 9125, 2022/10
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：37.19(Polymer Science)Microphase separation of copolymers is a key technique to produce polymer bulk materials or thin films with ordered nanostructures for applications in various research fields including nanotechnologies, electronic devices, among many others. Herein, we report water-assisted microphase separation of amphiphilic random copolymers bearing quaternary ammonium cations and hydrophobic alkyl or oleyl groups in the solid state and the thin films. We investigated the effects of sample preparation protocols and the hydrophobic pendants (a butyl group: C4 - octadecyl or oleyl group: C18), composition, and molecular weight of the copolymers on the microphase separation behavior. By annealing under humid conditions, the copolymers bearing alkyl groups longer than an octyl group (C8) formed sub-5 nm lamellar structures comprising cationic layers and hydrophobic layers. Water hardly remained in the resulting lamellar materials under ambient conditions. The domain spacing was controlled between 3.7 and 5.3 nm by tuning the length of the hydrophobic pendants and composition and was independent of the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The cationic random copolymers carrying amorphous hydrophobic pendants provided transparent or translucent polymer materials containing small lamellar structures. The random copolymers further formed multilayered lamellar thin films on silicon substrates by spin-coating the copolymer solutions, followed by a humid annealing process. The layered lamellae were directly observed as terrace structures with about 4-5 nm steps by atomic force microscopy.
能田 洋平*; 小泉 智*; 増井 友美*; 間下 亮*; 岸本 浩通*; 山口 大輔; 熊田 高之; 高田 慎一; 大石 一城*; 鈴木 淳市*
Journal of Applied Crystallography, 49(6), p.2036 - 2045, 2016/12
被引用回数：20 パーセンタイル：76.98(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)We have reported the first attempt with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on model mixtures for industrial tyres conducted at the MLF of J-PARC. We performed time-of-flight SANS (TOF-SANS) experiments, employing neutrons with a wide range, which causes imperfect neutron polarization and variations in the coherent and incoherent scattering lengths. By carefully eliminating the effect of imperfect neutron polarization, separation of the partial scattering functions was successfully demonstrated for the ternary system styrene-butadiene-rubber/silica/carbon.
尾花 哲浩*; 村上 陽之; 高畑 一也*; 濱口 真司*; 力石 浩孝*; 三戸 利行*; 今川 信作*; 木津 要; 夏目 恭平; 吉田 清
Physica C, 518, p.96 - 100, 2015/11
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：29.96(Physics, Applied)In the JT-60 Super Advanced (JT-60SA) fusion experimental device, the magnet system consists of a central solenoid (CS) coil, 18 toroidal field coils and 6 plasma equilibrium (EF) field coils. The CS coil is composed of four electrically independent modules consisting of a quad-pancake and 6 octa-pancakes. In order to verify the process for the coil manufacturing and the fabrication jigs, the CS model coil was developed. The model coil is composed of one quad-pancake, which is the same dimension as the quad-pancake utilized in the module of the CS coil. Nb
Sn cable-in-conduit (CIC) conductors used for the model coil is the same as conductors for the CS coil. As a final check of the coil manufacturing, the cold test of the model coil was conducted at the Nation Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) test facility. The critical current, joint resistance, and pressure drop of the model coil were measured in the cold test. In addition, self-magnetic field of the model coil was measured. In this paper, the results of the performance verification tests are described.
村上 陽之; 木津 要; 市毛 寿一; 古川 真人; 夏目 恭平; 土屋 勝彦; 神谷 宏治; 小出 芳彦; 吉田 清; 尾花 哲浩*; et al.
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 25(3), p.4201305_1 - 4201305_5, 2015/06
被引用回数：6 パーセンタイル：32.43(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)JT-60Uのマグネットシステムを超伝導に改修するJT-60SA計画が進められている。CSのターミナル接続部はNbSn導体とNbTi導体を接続するシェイクハンド型のラップジョイントを用いて製作される。ターミナル接続部は、CSの上部および下部に配置され、CSシステムの中央に位置するモジュールはターミナル接続部とモジュール間をリードエクステンションと呼ばれる部品を用いて接続される。ターミナル接続部の接続抵抗は核融合科学研究所の大型試験装置を用いて測定した。試験の結果、接続抵抗値はJT-60SAのマグネットシステムの要求値を満足することが確認できた。また、リードエクステンション部およびサポートの構造解析を行い、設計が成り立つことを確認した。本発表では、今回実施した接続抵抗試験の結果およびリードエクステンション部の構造解析の結果について報告する。
尾花 哲浩*; 高畑 一也*; 濱口 真司*; 力石 浩孝*; 三戸 利行*; 今川 信作*; 木津 要; 村上 陽之; 夏目 恭平; 吉田 清
Fusion Engineering and Design, 90, p.55 - 61, 2015/01
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：16.04(Nuclear Science & Technology)ニオブスズCIC導体製のJT-60SA CSモデルコイルの冷却試験において、ホール素子を用いて磁場測定を行った。コイル電流を20kAにホールドした状態でも磁場は緩やかに変化することが見出された。その時定数は、17から571秒で短尺サンプルの試験で得られた時定数よりかなり長かった。測定の妥当性を検証するために、ニオブスズ導体中の素線の位置を考慮してモデルコイルの磁場を評価した。その計算結果は測定とよく一致し、磁場測定の妥当性が確認された。
村上 陽之; 木津 要; 土屋 勝彦; 小出 芳彦; 吉田 清; 尾花 哲浩*; 高畑 一也*; 濱口 真司*; 力石 浩孝*; 夏目 恭平*; et al.
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 24(3), p.4200205_1 - 4200205_5, 2014/06
被引用回数：25 パーセンタイル：71.96(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)JT-60SAの中心ソレノイドは、ひずみに弱いNbSn素線を用いたケーブル・イン・コンジット導体を用いて製作される。中心ソレノイドモデルコイルは、実機製作を開始する前にコイル巻線や接続部の製作方法の妥当性を検証するために製作し、極低温において通電試験を行った。モデルコイルは4層のパンケーキコイルからなり、内径や外径、絶縁構成などは実機と同じである。実機製作に使用される治具用い、実機と同等の手順で製作した。モデルコイルは、核融合科学研究所のコイル試験装置を用いて極低温において通電試験を行った。試験の結果、圧力損失や臨界電流値,接続抵抗値は要求性能を満たすことが確かめられ、NbSnマグネットの製作方法が確立できた。本論文では、中心ソレノイドモデルコイルの仕様及び製作方法、試験について報告する。
copper nitrite reductase; Involvement of the unique N-terminal region in the interprotein electron transfer with its redox partner福田 庸太*; 小手石 泰康*; 米田 涼平*; 玉田 太郎; 高見 英人*; 井上 豪*; 野尻 正樹
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta; Bioenergetics, 1837(3), p.396 - 405, 2014/03
被引用回数：17 パーセンタイル：46.62(Biochemistry & Molecular Biology)海洋性好熱菌
HTA426由来銅型亜硝酸還元酵素(CuNIR)の全長体およびN末端領域(68アミノ酸)欠損変異体の結晶構造を各々1.3
、および1.8分解能で決定した。全体構造は既知のCuNIRと同様に2つのグリークキー
バレルドメインから構成されていたが、N末端側にストランドと
へリックスからなる本酵素に特異的な領域が存在していた。この領域はタイプ1銅結合部位の方に伸びており、他の脱窒系におけるCuNIRと酸化還元パートナーである電子供与体(チトクロム
)との電子伝達複合体構造との重ね合わせから、この領域が脱窒系の電子伝達反応における電子供与体との一時的な結合に寄与していることが推察された。さらに、N末端領域欠損変異体とを由来チトクロムを用いた電子伝達反応の速度論的解析結果を組み合わせた結果、この領域が電子供与体の認識に直接関与していることが示された。
spp. under the ISS environmental conditions for performing exposure experiments of microbes in the Tanpopo mission河口 優子*; Yang, Y.*; 川尻 成俊*; 白石 啓祐*; 高須 昌子*; 鳴海 一成*; 佐藤 勝也; 橋本 博文*; 中川 和道*; 谷川 能章*; et al.
Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres, 43(4-5), p.411 - 428, 2013/10
被引用回数：42 パーセンタイル：79.35(Biology)In the Tanpopo mission, we have proposed to carry out experiments on capture and space exposure of microbes at the Exposure Facility of the Japanese Experimental Module of the International Space Station (ISS). Microbial candidates for the exposure experiments in space include spp. We have examined the survivability of spp. under the environmental conditions in ISS in orbit. A One-year dose of heavy-ion beam irradiation did not affect the viability of spp. within the detection limit. Exposure of various thicknesses of deinococcal cell aggregates to UV radiation revealed that a few hundred micrometer thick aggregate of deinococcal cells would be able to withstand the solar UV radiation on ISS for 1 year. We concluded that aggregated deinococcal cells will survive the yearlong exposure experiments. We propose that microbial cells can aggregate as an ark for the interplanetary transfer of microbes, and we named it "massapanspermia".
木名瀬 栄; 鷲山 幸信*; 志賀 英明*; 滝 淳一*; 中西 勇介*; 越田 吉郎*; 三輪 高喜*; 絹谷 清剛*; 天野 良平*
KEK Proceedings 2012-7, p.35 - 40, 2012/10
嗅覚障害の機能診断法の一つとして、
Tlをトレーサとする嗅神経イメージング技術(嗅覚シンチグラフィ)が開発されている。Tlを用いた嗅覚シンチグラフィによる診断は、鼻腔に投与したTlが嗅球へ移行する性質を用いているため、Tl投与部位である前鼻道から嗅球の位置する脳の内部被ばく線量を適切に評価する必要がある。本研究では、Tl経鼻投与による内部被ばく評価の一環として、モンテカルロ計算により、光子・電子に対する前鼻道や脳の比吸収割合を評価した。計算には、電磁カスケードコードであるEGS4-UCSAFを用い、ICRP/ICRU成人男女ボクセルモデルを評価対象とした。その結果、ICRP/ICRU成人男女ボクセルモデルの前鼻道や脳について、10keVから10MeVの単色光子・電子の比吸収割合を定量的に明らかにし、比吸収割合が光子・電子エネルギー,標的部位の質量に依存することを確認した。
平山 朋子*; 鳥居 誉司*; 小西 庸平*; 前田 成志*; 松岡 敬*; 井上 和子*; 日野 正裕*; 山崎 大; 武田 全康
日本機械学会論文集,C, 77(779), p.2884 - 2893, 2011/07
Thicknesses and densities of additive adsorbed layers on metal surfaces under lubrication were directly measured by neutron reflectometry. Two kinds of metal surfaces, iron and copper, on ultra-flat silicon blocks were prepared by physical vacuum deposition. After that, each target surface was analyzed by neutron reflectometer SUIREN in air, in base oil (poli-alpha-olefin) and in base oil with deuterated acids as additives. Fitting operation based on Parratt's theory showed that the thicknesses of additive adsorbed layer on the iron and copper surfaces were quite thin, only 1.5 - 2.0 nm. The friction coefficients of the metal surfaces, measured by a ball-on-disk friction tester, decreased considerably when the additive was added to the base oil. We concluded that the additive adsorbed layers on the metal surfaces considerably affected friction properties despite being only several nanometers thick.
吉原 亮平; 野澤 樹; 雑賀 啓明*; 寺西 美佳*; 土岐 精一*; 日出間 純*; 坂本 綾子
JAEA-Review 2010-065, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2009, P. 74, 2011/01
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of ion beams on . We focus on (1) what kinds of damage are produced by ion beams, and (2) what kinds of cellular processes are involved in turn the damage into mutations. Our results suggest that 220 MeV carbon ions may induce more numbers of DNA lesions or more severe types of DNA lesions than 
-rays and 50 MeV helium ions. Our results also suggest that the considerable amount of DNA lesions induced by -rays and 50 MeV helium ions are repaired by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair mechanism, but the majority of DNA lesions induced by 220 MeV carbon ions are not repaired by NHEJ.
三輪 周平; 石 洋平*; 逢坂 正彦
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 389(3), p.402 - 406, 2009/06
被引用回数：12 パーセンタイル：60.62(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)MgOを母材とした(Pu,Am)O含有非均質型燃料の焼結に及ぼす酸素ポテンシャルの影響を評価するために、空気,加湿4%H-Ar,4%H-Arの各雰囲気での焼結試験を実施した。(Pu,Am)O含有非均質型燃料の焼結挙動は焼結雰囲気中の酸素ポテンシャルに大きく依存し、酸素ポテンシャルが低いほど焼結密度は低くなった。低酸素ポテンシャルで焼結した非均質型燃料の(Pu,Am)O相は亜定比組成を示し、顆粒は高酸素ポテンシャルで焼結したものに比べ大きくなっていた。これらの挙動を踏まえ、(Pu,Am)OとMgOの焼結挙動の違いの観点から、焼結のメカニズムについて考察を行った。
石川 覚*; 荒尾 知人*; 馬場 浩司*; 森 伸介*; 西澤 直子*; 中西 啓仁*; 吉原 亮平; 長谷 純宏
JAEA-Review 2008-055, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2007, P. 80, 2008/11
本研究では、栽培面積が最も広く良食味米であるコシヒカリに重イオンビームを照射し、得られた照射個体の中から、カドミウム吸収の低い株を選抜するとともに、現地カドミウム汚染土壌による実証試験を行い、低カドミウムイネ系統を育成することを目的としている。今回、コシヒカリ変異体誘発のための最適なイオンビーム照射線量を検討した。乾燥玄米種子胚に、炭素イオンビームを照射した後、催芽処理を行い、イネ用培土に各100粒ずつ播種し、温室内で栽培した。発芽率と地上部生育量に対する影響から、コシヒカリ変異体誘発の適正線量は40Gy以下と考えられた。今後、適正線量にて約1万粒の種子に照射を行い、圃場による栽培を通じてM2種子を採種後、低カドミウム吸収変異体を選抜する予定である。
