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森 勝伸*; 佐柄 克哉*; 新井 香織*; 中谷 暢丈*; 大平 慎一*; 戸田 敬*; 板橋 英之*; 小崎 大輔*; 須郷 由美; 渡辺 茂樹; et al.
Journal of Chromatography A, 1431, p.131 - 137, 2016/01
被引用回数：11 パーセンタイル：40.65(Biochemical Research Methods)Selective separation and sensitive detection of dissolved silicon and boron (DSi and DB) in aqueous solution was achieved by connecting an electrodialytic ion isolation device (EID), an ion-exclusion chromatography (IEC) column, and a corona charged aerosol detector (CCAD) in sequence. They were separated by IEC using pure water eluent. Detection of DSi and DB by the CCAD was effective for much greater sensitivity than by conductimetric detection. The EID removed salt from the sample prior to the IEC-CCAD. The combination of EID, IEC and CCAD successfully separated and determined DSi and DB in artificial seawater and hot-spring water samples by eluting pure water.
中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 長坂 俊紀*; 小松 史弥*; 石岡 典子; 伊藤 小百合*; 河地 有木; 頼 泰樹*; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; et al.
Journal of Experimental Botany, 64(4), p.1073 - 1081, 2013/02
被引用回数：58 パーセンタイル：85.05(Plant Sciences)This study investigated the effects of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) applied to specific organs (source leaves, sink leaves, and roots) on cadmium (Cd) distribution and behaviour in the roots of oilseed rape plants (
) cultured hydroponically. The translocation ratio of Cd from roots to shoots was significantly lower in plants that had root treatment of GSH than in control plants. GSH applied to roots reduced the Cd concentration in the symplast sap of root cells and inhibited root-to-shoot Cd translocation via xylem vessels significantly. GSH applied to roots also activated Cd efflux from root cells to the hydroponic solution. Inhibition of root-to-shoot translocation of Cd was visualized, and the activation of Cd efflux from root cells was also shown by using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). This study investigated a similar inhibitory effect on root-to-shoot translocation of Cd by the oxidized form of glutathione, GSSG. Inhibition of Cd accumulation by GSH was abolished by a low-temperature treatment. Root cells of plants exposed to GSH in the root zone had less Cd available for xylem loading by actively excluding Cd from the roots. Consequently, root-to-shoot translocation of Cd was suppressed and Cd accumulation in the shoot decreased.
Cd absorption and accumulation between transgenic tobacco plants and control plants中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石井 里美; 河地 有木; 石岡 典子; 頼 泰樹*; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2011-043, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2010, P. 96, 2012/01
Phytoremediation is one of good technique to recover Cd from contaminated soils. To make this technique more effective, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of Cd dynamics and control them. It is known that Cd movement in the plant body is similar to zinc (Zn) movement. However, these mechanisms are not fully understood so far. In this work, we compared Cd absorption and accumulation between control tobacco plants and transgenic tobacco plants, which were transform with zinc transporter genes, by using positron emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS) and Cd. We succeeded to obtain fine serial images of Cd absorption and accumulation in tobacco plants, but there was no difference in Cd absorption and accumulation between transgenic tobacco plants and control plants. In previous experiments using non-radioactive Cd, Cd content in transgenic plants was 1.2 times higher than that in control plants. However, the PEITIS results indicated that such differences were not identified clearly in serial images obtained by PETIS experiments. Because PETIS experiments were performed in low Cd condition (0.1 
M), we supposed that Cd concentration might have a significant impact on these results.
Cd accumulation in oilseed rape plants treated with glutathione中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 伊藤 小百合*; 河地 有木; 石岡 典子; 頼 泰樹*; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2010-065, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2009, P. 104, 2011/01
Glutathione (GSH) is involved in many aspects of metabolism. In our previous work, GSH concentration in the phloem sap collected from oilseed rape plants increased by Cd treatment. These results suggested that GSH might be playing important roles in controlling Cd long-distance transport and accumulation in plants. In this work, we investigated effects of GSH to Cd long-distance transport and accumulation by using positron emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). After setting two week old oilseed rape plants in the chamber, PETIS experiments were started by adding purified Cd in the nutrient solutions which were including GSH. As a result, we succeeded to obtain images of Cd accumulation in these plants. Cd signals were observed in the shoot and root of oilseed rape plants. In the shoot, Cd accumulation was inhibited by GSH treatment. However, we could not see any difference in the Cd accumulation in the root of oilseed rape plants. Further research enables us to understand effects of GSH on Cd long-distance transport and accumulation.
藤巻 秀; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 伊藤 小百合; 茅野 充男*; 中村 進一*
Plant Physiology, 152(4), p.1796 - 1806, 2010/02
被引用回数：218 パーセンタイル：98.03(Plant Sciences)We characterized the absorption and translocation of cadmium (Cd) in rice using serial images observed with a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). We fed a positron-emitting Cd tracer to the hydroponic culture. The absorption rates by the root were proportional to Cd concentrations in the culture within the tested range below 100 nM. It was estimated that the radial transport from the culture to the xylem in the root tissue was completed in less than 10 min. Cd moved up through the shoot with velocities of a few centimeters per hour, which was obviously slower than the bulk flow in the xylem. Cd reached the panicles 7 h after feeding and accumulated there constantly. The nodes exhibited the most intensive Cd accumulation in the shoot and Cd transport from the basal nodes to crown root was observed. We concluded that the nodes are the central organ where xylem-to-phloem transfer occurs and play a pivotal role in the half-day travel of Cd from the soil to the grains.
Cd translocation in Tobacco plants中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 伊藤 小百合; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2009-041, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2008, P. 103, 2009/12
Tabacco plant is one of model plants which enable us to manipulate its gene expression, it is expected to create crop plants with low Cd content in the future. In this study, we visualized Cd dynamics in tobacco plant. Tobacco plants (
) were grown hydroponically in a growth chamber where the growth conditions of plants were controlled completely for two weeks after sowing. After setting plants in the chamber, PETIS experiments were started by adding purified Cd in nutrient solutions. Time-series images of the Cd distribution were obtained with the PETIS apparatus. Each image was obtained every four minute for 36 hours. We succeeded to obtain fine serial images of Cd transport and accumulation in tobacco plants. Strong Cd signals were observed in the roots of tobacco plants. We also could see strong signals of Cd in the stems. In leaves, Cd signals were distributed thoroughly. The pattern of Cd signal distribution in the tobacco plants was similar to that in oilseed plants). These results demonstrated that dicotyledonous plants had the similar pattern of Cd distribution when plants were treated at low concentration of Cd.
鈴井 伸郎; 中村 進一*; 伊藤 小百合; 河地 有木; 石岡 典子; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2009-041, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2008, P. 102, 2009/12
We have developed a monitoring system of Cd radioactivity in tracer solution using Positron Multi-Probe System (PMPS) that enables the noninvasive measurement of the amounts of Cd uptake by an intact plant. Two-week old oilseed rape plant ( L.) was placed into a plastic cylindrical container containing 30 ml of 0.5 mM CaCl
solution with approximately 10 MBq of Cd. The cylindrical container was divided by nylon mesh into two compartments, the root of the plant was immersed in the upper compartment, and a pair of PMPS detectors was placed outside the bottom compartment. As a result, we successfully obtained the continuous data of the amount of a radioactive tracer taken up by the intact plant for 36 hours.
藤巻 秀; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 伊藤 小百合; 茅野 充男*; 中村 進一*
Proceedings of 16th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium (IPNC-16) (Internet), 1 Pages, 2009/04
カドミウム107トレーサの製造法を開発し、ポジトロンイメージングを用いて、栄養成長期及び生殖成長期のイネにおけるカドミウムの輸送動態を定量的に解析した。その結果、土壌から玄米に至る過程において導管から篩管への乗り換えが重要なステップであり、それが節で行われていることを推定した。
中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 伊藤 小百合; 頼 泰樹*; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀
Proceedings of 16th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium (IPNC-16) (Internet), p.1181_1 - 1181_2, 2009/04
Reduction of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in farm products has become more and more important in order to produce them in a safe and sustainable manner. It is necessary to elucidate mechanisms of Cd distribution in plants. However, these mechanisms are not fully understood. The purpose of our work is to clarify these mechanisms by visualizing Cd absorption, transport and accumulation non-invasively using positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). Cd (half-life: 6.5 hr) was used as a positron-emitting tracer in the PETIS experiments. We succeeded to obtain serial images of cadmium distribution in oilseed rape plants (
L.). Strong Cd signals were observed in the basal region of the shoot. We also could see strong signals in the node of oilseed rape plants. Cd distribution in oilseed rape plants will be discussed quantitatively using the results from PETIS experiments.
鈴井 伸郎; 石井 里美; 河地 有木; 伊藤 小百合; 中村 進一*; 石岡 典子; 藤巻 秀
Proceedings of 16th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium (IPNC-16) (Internet), P. 1214, 2009/04
We developed analytical methods for monitoring carbon translocation and nitrogen fixation in intact plants using short-lived radioactive tracer gases and the positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). In the analysis of carbon translocation, we fed 
C (half life: 20.4 min)-labeled radioactive carbon dioxide gas to leave blades of rice plants, and serial images of C-photoassimilate were obtained non-invasively using PETIS. In order to understand source-sink relations, we manipulated source and sink strength by treating tested rice plants with p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid (PCMBS), an inhibitor of sucrose transporters. As a result, a decrease in the velocity after the manipulation was successfully detected. In the analysis of nitrogen fixation, we newly developed a rapid method to produce and purify 
N (half life: 10.0 min)-labeled radioactive nitrogen gas and fed the gas to the underground part of nodulated soybean plants. As a result, obvious signal of N was observed at the nodules.
Cd translocation in oilseed rape plants treated with different Cd concentrations鈴井 伸郎; 藤巻 秀; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 松橋 信平; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 中村 進一*
JAEA-Review 2008-055, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2007, P. 112, 2008/11
Cadmium (Cd) is one of toxic heavy metal element. In order to decrease Cd accumulation in these products, it is necessary to elucidate mechanisms of Cd long-distance transport in the plant body. In this research, we tried to elucidate mechanisms of Cd long-distance transport by visualizing Cd transport in the plant body using positron emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS) and Cd. Oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus L.) were grown hydroponically for two weeks after sowing. In this PETIS experiment, different concentrations of Cd (0.1 M and 10 M) were added as a carrier to hydroponic solutions. 0.1 M is comparable to the Cd concentration in the soil solution from non Cd-polluted soils. 10 M is comparable to the toxic Cd concentration for oilseed rape plants. As a result, the pattern of Cd accumulation in the oilseed rape plants was similar in the different Cd concentrations (0.1 M and 10 M). These results indicate that in early stages, Cd concentration in the hydroponic solution do not have effects on Cd absorption in the root systems.
中村 進一*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 松橋 信平
放射線と産業, (117), p.9 - 14, 2008/03
食の安全を脅かす要因の一つに、人体にとって有害な物質であるカドミウムの農作物への蓄積がある。農作物へのカドミウムの蓄積を抑制するためには、高等植物におけるカドミウムの長距離輸送機構を解明し、それらを制御する必要がある。しかし、これまでの研究では植物におけるカドミウムの長距離輸送のメカニズムは十分に明らかになっていない。そこでわれわれは、プラナー型ポジトロン放出核種画像化システム(PETIS)を用いて、高等植物におけるカドミウムの吸収・移行・蓄積の動態を画像化し、それらを解析することにより、その機構の解明を目指した。本稿では本研究における近年の成果について報告する。
中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 茅野 充男*; 松橋 信平; 藤巻 秀
JAEA-Review 2007-060, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2006, P. 123, 2008/03
Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal element. In order to decrease the cadmium content in the farm products, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of transport of Cd in the plant body. In this research, we visualized Cd transport in the plant body by using Positron Emitting Tracer Imaging System (PETIS) and Cd. We tried to elucidate the mechanism of Cd transport in the whole plants by analyzing the experimental data which is obtained by PETIS. We could observe that Cd signals arrive in the aerial parts of both plants in a few hours after the start of the experiment. Patterns of accumulation of Cd signals in sorghum plants were similar to those in rice plants. Strong signals of Cd were seen in the basal region of the shoot, which consists of a short stem, nodes and meristems. Interestingly, Cd also accumulated in the node strongly in oilseed rape plants although these two plants have different structure as a monocot and a dicot.
藤巻 秀; 中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 茅野 充男*; 松橋 信平
JAEA-Review 2006-042, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2005, P. 127, 2007/02
イネ,ソルガムなどを供試植物とし、生きた植物体におけるカドミウムの吸収・移行・蓄積の様子をPositron Emitting Tracer Imaging System(PETIS)を用いて非侵襲的・経時的・定量的に画像化する技術を確立した。
石岡 典子; 藤巻 秀; 鈴井 伸郎; 中村 進一*; 松橋 信平
JAEA-Review 2006-042, JAEA Takasaki Annual Report 2005, P. 162, 2007/02
植物におけるカドミウムの吸収・分配機構を解明するためのトレーサとして、荷電粒子反応を用いたCd-107の製造法の改良を行った。照射済みのAgターゲットを硝酸により溶解した後、塩酸をグラジエント方式により加え、AgCl沈殿からCd-107を分離した。グラジエント方式により得られたCd-107の分離効率は、93%であった。グラジエント方式は分離効率の向上に加え、塩酸注入時間の短縮にも有効である。開発したCd-107は、ポジトロンイメージング装置により植物におけるカドミウム動態のリアルタイム計測が可能で、近年問題視されている農作物中のカドミウムの吸収・分配機構を解明するためのトレーサとして有用である。化学分離法の改良により、迅速で高回収率な放射性カドミウムトレーサの製造に成功した。
中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 松橋 信平; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀
no journal, ,
Cdの地上部への移行と蓄積には、植物のさまざまな生育条件が影響を及ぼすと考えられる。本研究では生育条件の中でも栄養条件に着目し、実験を行った。供試作物としてはソルガムを用い、硝酸,リン酸,塩素などを通常の水耕栽培時の5倍の濃度で植物に投与する条件で栽培し、0.1MのCd処理を2.5週間行い、それらの植物のCd吸収・移行を調べたところ、塩素添加区の植物の地上部へのCd蓄積濃度は通常のCd処理区の約1.5倍であった。PETISによる実験結果では、塩素添加区の植物では通常のCd処理区の植物に比べて、地上部にCdが短時間で到達する様子を観察することができた。
中村 進一*; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 松橋 信平; 服部 浩之*; 茅野 充男*; 藤巻 秀
no journal, ,
農作物へのカドミウムの蓄積を抑制するためには、高等植物におけるカドミウムの長距離輸送機構を解明し、それらを制御する必要がある。しかし、これまでの研究では植物におけるカドミウムの長距離輸送のメカニズムは十分に明らかになっていない。そこで本研究では、プラナー型ポジトロン放出核種画像化システム(PETIS)を用いて、高等植物におけるカドミウムの吸収・移行・蓄積の動態を画像化し、それらを解析することにより、その機構の解明を目指した。実験材料には約2週間水耕栽培したアブラナを用いた。アブラナが根から吸収したCdは実験開始後、数時間で地上部に到達することを確認できた。地上部へのシグナルの到達時間は根圏に存在するカドミウムの濃度によって変化することがわかった。また、根圏におけるCdのシグナルの変化をモニタリングすることに成功した。根圏におけるシグナルの変化(減少)は地上部におけるCdのシグナルの増加と相補的な関係にあった。根,茎,葉の各器官より抽出したTACの解析を行ったところ、それぞれの器官におけるカドミウムの移行・蓄積のパターンは器官ごとに異なっていた。
河地 有木; 渡邉 茂樹; 藤巻 秀; 石岡 典子; 荒川 和夫; 武田 伸一郎*; 石川 真之介*; 青野 博之*; 渡辺 伸*; 高橋 忠幸*; et al.
no journal, ,
We have developed a Compton camera by using Si and CdTe semiconductors. The prototype Compton camera head consists of a double-sided Si strip detector (DSSD) module as the scatter detector and 4- layered 16 CdTe pixel detector modules as the absorber detector. The dimensions of the DSSD module are area, 2.56 
2.56 cm
; thickness, 500 m; and strip pitch, 400 m. The dimensions of the CdTe pixel detector are area, 1.35 1.35 cm; thickness, 500 m; and pixel size, 1.35 mm. The high-energy resolution detectors (DSSD: 
E/E, 2.5%; CdTe: E/E, 
1%) detect the Compton scatter events of the incident 
-rays and consequently, image the radioactive multinuclide tracers. We evaluated the distributions of sensitivity and spatial resolution and performed a rat study wherein 3 tracers were administered concurrently. The lines of point-source data were found to indicate a distribution of spatial resolutions and efficiencies in the field of view (FOV) in this experimental design, and a characteristic distribution in the Compton camera FOV was observed. The nuclides in the rat body were distinguished by the -ray energies; each tracer in vivo could be imaged distinctly, and the difference in distributions of the nuclides could be visualized.
藤巻 秀; 鈴井 伸郎; 石岡 典子; 河地 有木; 茅野 充男*; 中村 進一*
no journal, ,
コメの汚染が社会問題となっているカドミウムについて、登熟期のイネ植物体内における吸収・輸送・蓄積のメカニズムを明らかにすることを目的とし、PETISによる画像化と解析を行った。ポジトロン放出トレーサとしてCd-107(半減期6.5時間)をイオンビーム照射及び化学分離によって調製し、カドミウム総濃度が10nMとなるように非放射性カドミウムとともに供試した。出穂後約10日のイネに水耕液から経根吸収させつつ、根の基部から稈の下部あるいは穂のイメージングを36時間行った。イメージング終了後、オートラジオグラフィーを行った。その結果、投与からおよそ1時間後にカドミウムは茎基部に到達し、その後上方に向かい次々と各節に強く集積しながら移行することが明らかになった。また、12時間後以降から頴果への明らかな集積が認められたものの、止葉を含む成熟葉への移行は36時間後においてもほとんど検出されなかった。以上から、登熟期のイネにおいて、土壌中のカドミウムは経根吸収・導管輸送を経て1時間以内に茎基部に到達したのち、稈を上昇しつつ各節で篩管へ乗り換え、12時間以内に頴果に輸送・蓄積されるという全体像が推察された。
Cd鈴井 伸郎; 中村 進一*; 伊藤 小百合; 河地 有木; 石岡 典子; 藤巻 秀
no journal, ,
we have developed a monitoring system of Cd radioactivity in tracer solution using Positron Multi-Probe System (PMPS) that enables the noninvasive measurement of the amounts of Cd uptake by an intact plant. Two-week old oilseed rape plant was placed into a plastic cylindrical container containing 30 ml of 0.5 mM CaCl solution with approximately 10 MBq of Cd. As a result, we successfully obtained the time-course change in Cd radioactivity in the tracer solution over 24 hours. The time-course data for Cd radioactivity can be fitted to an exponential decreasing curve with a plateau. This indicates that the rate of Cd uptake by the plant was proportional to the Cd remaining in the tracer solution. To date we could simultaneously monitor the uptake amounts in 4 individual oilseed plants by shielding each detector head with lead blocks. The detailed analysis of the kinetics in various experimental conditions would provide valuable information concerning the mechanism of Cd uptake in plant.
