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廃炉環境国際共同研究センター; 電気通信大学*
JAEA-Review 2022-029, 37 Pages, 2022/11
JAEA-Review-2022-029.pdf:1.89MB
日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)廃炉環境国際共同研究センター(CLADS)では、令和3年度英知を結集した原子力科学技術・人材育成推進事業(以下、「本事業」という)を実施している。本事業は、東京電力ホールディングス株式会社福島第一原子力発電所の廃炉等を始めとした原子力分野の課題解決に貢献するため、国内外の英知を結集し、様々な分野の知見や経験を、従前の機関や分野の壁を越えて緊密に融合・連携させた基礎的・基盤的研究及び人材育成を推進することを目的としている。平成30年度の新規採択課題から実施主体を文部科学省からJAEAに移行することで、JAEAとアカデミアとの連携を強化し、廃炉に資する中長期的な研究開発・人材育成をより安定的かつ継続的に実施する体制を構築した。本研究は、研究課題のうち、令和元年度に採択された「動作不能からの復帰を可能とする多連結移動ロボットの半自律遠隔操作技術の確立」の令和元年度から令和3年度の研究成果について取りまとめたものである。本課題は令和3年度が最終年度となるため3年度分の成果を取りまとめた。本研究の大目的は、多連結移動ロボット共通の課題である関節部のスタック状態からの復帰方法の確立である。この大目的に対し、本研究ではシステムの冗長性を巧みに利用することにより、多連結移動ロボットがスタック状態から復帰するための制御方法の提案を行う。さらに、提案制御則を利用するためのインタフェースとして、スタック状態を認識できるような描画インタフェース、提案制御の目標指示を行うための操作インタフェースの開発を行い、検証用実機を用いてその有効性を検証する。
Cantarel, V.; 山岸 功
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 59(7), p.888 - 897, 2022/07
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：49.42(Nuclear Science & Technology)Geopolymers are a class of material that could potentially be used for sealing and repair of damaged concrete structures. This application is important for both decommissioning activities and standard industrial applications. The purpose of this article is to investigate the interface between ordinary Portland cement and geopolymer. The surface microstructure of the cement is investigated by SEM, EDX, and micro-Raman after embedding in geopolymer or immersion in the activation solution of a geopolymer for various durations. It is found that immersion in the solution induces a dendritic carbonation profile into the cement structure following the CSH gel. On the contrary, embedding in the geopolymer creates a dense, impermeable interface with a thickness of a few micrometers. This interface is found to be dense and brittle and it decreases the permeability of the surface, preventing the penetration of silicates into the cement structure. However, this brittle interface is sensitive to dehydration and can rupture under intense drying. This phenomenon can be utilized to separate the geopolymer and cement but is concerning if the integrity of the material must be guaranteed under extreme conditions.
and GeO liquids河口 宗道; 宇埜 正美*
Journal of Crystal Growth, 585, p.126590_1 - 126590_7, 2022/05
過冷却ケイ酸塩,SiO,GeO融液中の11種類の酸化物または混合酸化物の結晶化におけるフェーズフィールド易動度
と結晶成長速度をフェーズフィールドモデル(PFM)を用いて計算し、の物質依存性を議論した。実験の結晶成長速度と
のPFMシミュレーションから得られた結晶成長速度の比は、両対数プロットで結晶成長における固液界面プロセスの
のべき乗に比例した。また
のパラメータ
と
は
m
J
s,
であり、材料に固有の値であることが分かった。決定されたを用いたPFMシミュレーションにより、実験の結晶成長速度を定量的に再現することができた。は
における単位酸素モル質量あたりの陽イオンモル質量の平均の拡散係数と両対数グラフで比例関係にある。は化合物中の酸素モル質量あたりの陽イオンのモル質量の総和
に依存する。
では、陽イオンのモル質量が大きくなるにつれては小さくなる。陽イオンのモル質量は陽イオンの移動の慣性抵抗に比例するため、は陽イオンのモル質量の逆数で減少する。
の重い陽イオンのケイ酸塩の結晶化では、は約
で飽和し、
となる。
Dehbi, A.*; Cheng, X.*; Liao, Y.*; 岡垣 百合亜; Pellegrini, M.*
Proceedings of 19th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-19) (Internet), 15 Pages, 2022/03
Nuclear degraded cores produce fission product aerosols that may reach the environment if not removed by natural processes and/or filtering equipment. The transport paths of aerosols usually include transits through stagnant water pools. It is therefore essential to develop computational tools to predict the aerosols retention by water pools. Currently, this is mostly done with 1-D lumped-parameter codes that are too simplistic to capture the physics. It is hence worthwhile to attempt the CFD approach, which has recently become reasonably mature to address bubble hydrodynamics in low momentum two-phase flows. In this first comparative exercise, we restrict the investigation to a hypothetical parallelepiped water pool (2
28 cm
) into which air is injected through a circular 4 mm ID orifice at low velocity of 0.2 m/s. We present predictions of the gas phase dynamics (void and velocity profiles) for both Euler-Euler and Interface Tracking (IT, Volume-of-Fluid (VOF)) methodologies. In addition, we compare bubble shape, volume and detachment frequency from various IT simulation codes (CFX, Fluent, Star-CCM+, OpenFOAM). Reasonable agreement is found between IT simulations near the injector, but discrepancies increase as one moves towards the free surface. The disagreement between the Euler-Euler and IT results is substantial throughout the domain. Future studies will consist of validation exercises against experimental data to highlight potential model deficiencies and point to ways of remedying them.
堀口 直樹; 吉田 啓之; 山村 聡太*; 藤原 広太*; 金子 暁子*; 阿部 豊*
Proceedings of 19th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-19) (Internet), 14 Pages, 2022/03
In severe accidents of nuclear reactors, molten fuel and structural materials leak out of the pressure vessel into the water pool on the pedestal floor. If the water pool is shallow, the molten material enters the shallow pool as a liquid jet, disperses as debris, spreads over the floor, and it cooled by fuel-coolant interaction (FCI). Numerical simulations and experiments with state-of-the-art visualization techniques are developed and used to consider the thermal-hydraulic behavior of the liquid jet as a debris jet. By performing these simulations and experiments, we obtain detailed 3-dimensional shapes of the liquid jet interfaces. However, to evaluate the thermal-hydraulic behavior of the liquid jet, we require not only 3-dimensional shapes but also the velocity and size of dispersed liquid. We have developed a dispersed phase tracking method by using time-series data of 3-dimensional shapes of the melt interface obtained by numerical simulations or experiments to obtain these data. Firstly, we verified the applicability of the developed method by applying a simple system. Next, we applied the method to the numerical results of a liquid jet entering a shallow pool by TPFIT. The results show that the liquid jet entering the shallow pool reproduces the dispersion behavior of the fragments. The generated fragments were quantitively confirmed to have curved and rotational trajectories with complex nonlinear motions. In the relationship between the volume equivalent diameter of the fragments and the magnitude of velocity, it was confirmed that the larger the equivalent diameter, the smaller the velocity fluctuation.
廃炉環境国際共同研究センター; 電気通信大学*
JAEA-Review 2021-025, 33 Pages, 2021/11
JAEA-Review-2021-025.pdf:1.68MB
日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)廃炉環境国際共同研究センター(CLADS)では、令和2年度英知を結集した原子力科学技術・人材育成推進事業(以下、「本事業」という)を実施している。本事業は、東京電力ホールディングス株式会社福島第一原子力発電所の廃炉等をはじめとした原子力分野の課題解決に貢献するため、国内外の英知を結集し、様々な分野の知見や経験を、従前の機関や分野の壁を越えて緊密に融合・連携させた基礎的・基盤的研究及び人材育成を推進することを目的としている。平成30年度の新規採択課題から実施主体を文部科学省からJAEAに移行することで、JAEAとアカデミアとの連携を強化し、廃炉に資する中長期的な研究開発・人材育成をより安定的かつ継続的に実施する体制を構築した。本研究は、研究課題のうち、令和元年度に採択された「動作不能からの復帰を可能とする多連結移動ロボットの半自律遠隔操作技術の確立」の令和2年度の研究成果について取りまとめたものである。本研究の大目的は、多連結移動ロボット共通の課題である関節部のスタック状態からの復帰方法の確立である。この大目的に対し、本研究ではシステムの冗長性を巧みに利用することにより、多連結移動ロボットがスタック状態から復帰するための制御方法の提案を行う。さらに、提案制御則を利用するためのインタフェースとして、スタック状態を認識できるような描画インタフェース、提案制御の目標指示を行うための操作インタフェースの開発を行い、検証用実機を用いてその有効性を検証する。
廃炉環境国際共同研究センター; 電気通信大学*
JAEA-Review 2020-025, 34 Pages, 2020/12
JAEA-Review-2020-025.pdf:2.73MB
日本原子力研究開発機構(JAEA)廃炉環境国際共同研究センター(CLADS)では、令和元年度英知を結集した原子力科学技術・人材育成推進事業(以下、「本事業」という)を実施している。本事業は、東京電力ホールディングス福島第一原子力発電所の廃炉等をはじめとした原子力分野の課題解決に貢献するため、国内外の英知を結集し、様々な分野の知見や経験を、従前の機関や分野の壁を越えて緊密に融合・連携させた基礎的・基盤的研究及び人材育成を推進することを目的としている。平成30年度の新規採択課題から実施主体を文部科学省からJAEAに移行することで、JAEAとアカデミアとの連携を強化し、廃炉に資する中長期的な研究開発・人材育成をより安定的かつ継続的に実施する体制を構築した。本研究は、研究課題のうち、「動作不能からの復帰を可能とする多連結移動ロボットの半自律遠隔操作技術の確立」の令和元年度の研究成果について取りまとめたものである。本研究の大目的は、多連結移動ロボット共通の課題である関節部のスタック状態からの復帰方法の確立である。この大目的に対し、本研究ではシステムの冗長性を巧みに利用することにより、多連結移動ロボットがスタック状態から復帰するための制御方法の提案を行う。さらに、提案制御則を利用するためのインタフェースとして、スタック状態を認識できるような描画インタフェース、提案制御の目標指示を行うための操作インタフェースの開発を行い、検証用実機を用いてその有効性を検証する。
伊藤 華苗; 原田 雅史*; 山田 悟史*; 工藤 憲治*; 青木 裕之; 金谷 利治*
Langmuir, 36(43), p.12830 - 12837, 2020/11
被引用回数：12 パーセンタイル：58.98(Chemistry, Multidisciplinary)We performed H
O and DO double contrast neutron reflectivity measurements on 
25-nm-thick Nafion thin films on hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon in water and 80% relative humidity vapor to investigate the depth profile of the water and Nafion distribution. We found a dense Nafion layer at the air or water interface regardless of the carbon hydrophilicity. On the other hand, a water-rich Nafion dense layer was observed at the carbon interface only for hydrophilic carbon. The double contrast measurements provided quantitative information about the depth profile but simultaneously indicated that the sum of the volume occupancies of water and Nafion in the film was less than unity. We assessed the problem based on two possibilities: voids in the film or "residual water", which cannot be exchanged or is difficult to exchange with water outside.
Wang, Y.*; 友田 陽*; 大村 孝仁*; Gong, W.*; Harjo, S.; 田中 雅彦*
Acta Materialia, 196, p.565 - 575, 2020/09
被引用回数：26 パーセンタイル：90.83(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The continuous and discontinuous yielding behaviors in ferrite-cementite steels were complementarily investigated via nano- and macroscale deformation examinations. The results obtained by electron microscopy, synchrotron X-ray, and neutron diffractions indicate that the ferrite-cementite interface of the heat-treated specimen is semi-coherent with a high internal stress field, whereas that of the recrystallized one is incoherent with a low internal stress field. Moreover, coherency strain, which depends on the total area of the ferrite-cementite interface, and thermal strain, which is governed by temperature, are the two factors that influence peak broadening. The nanoindentation tests revealed that the critical loads are significantly lower near the semi-coherent interface than those near the incoherent interface and the ferrite grain boundary; this suggests that dislocations are easily emitted from the semi-coherent interface.
El-Asaad, H.*; 永井 晴康; 相楽 洋*; Han, C. Y.*
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 141, p.107292_1 - 107292_9, 2020/06
被引用回数：0 パーセンタイル：0.01(Nuclear Science & Technology)大気拡散シミュレーションは、原子力緊急時対応の事前検討において環境中の放射性プルームを評価するための重要な情報を提供する。しかし、様々な条件の計算を実行し膨大な計算結果からデータを引き出すには労力と時間を要する。そこで、シミュレーション結果から放射性プルームの特徴を引き出す際にユーザーを補助するインターフェイスを開発した。このインターフェイスは、福島第一原子力発電所からの20日間の放射性物質の放出についてのWSPEEDI-IIの計算結果のデータベースを使用し、ユーザーに重要な定量的データを提示する。ユーザーは、インターフェイスの補助により、放出条件を変えて様々なケースシナリオを作成し、感度解析を行うことができる。
上澤 伸一郎; 吉田 啓之
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 7(3), p.19-00539_1 - 19-00539_9, 2020/06
Air pollution control equipment with spraying liquid in aerosol is used in severe accidents of nuclear power plants to remove radioactive aerosol particles. The removal performance of the equipment has been confirmed based on actual-scale tests. However, unexpected situations may happen in severe accidents due to large-scale disasters. We have developed a numerical analysis method for evaluating radioactive aerosol particle removal performance to optimize the performance and the design. As a part of the development of the numerical analysis, in order to grasp the capturing behavior of the aerosol particle deposition on a gas-liquid interface, we performed a direct observation of aerosol particle behavior near the gas-liquid interface of a droplet. As the capturing behavior near the gas-liquid interface, the particle penetration into liquid, the deposition on the gas-liquid interface and the deposition on the interface after moving to slide on the interface were confirmed in the experiment. The observation result indicated that the penetration was observed with the higher Stokes number and the deposition was observed with the lower Stokes number. However, for the lower Stokes number, the case where particles were not captured on the gas-liquid interface was also confirmed. Thus, the Stokes number is one of the important parameters for the aerosol particle capturing by gas-liquid interface.
上澤 伸一郎; 宮原 直哉; 堀口 直樹; 吉田 啓之; 逢坂 正彦
Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-27) (Internet), 5 Pages, 2019/05
Air pollution control equipment with spraying liquid in aerosol is used in severe accidents of nuclear power plants to remove radioactive aerosol particles. The removal performance of the equipment has been confirmed based on actual-scale tests. However, unexpected situations may happen in severe accidents due to large-scale disasters. We have developed a numerical analysis method for evaluating radioactive aerosol particle removal performance to optimize the performance and the design. As a part of the development of the numerical analysis, in order to grasp the capturing mechanism of the aerosol particle deposition on a gas-liquid interface, we performed a direct observation of aerosol particle behavior on the gas-liquid interface. As the capturing mechanism on the gas-liquid interface, the particle penetration into liquid, the deposition on the gas-liquid interface and the deposition on the interface after moving to slide on the interface were confirmed in the experiment. In addition, the observation result indicated that the penetration was observed with the higher Stokes number and the deposition was observed with the lower Stokes number. However, for the lower Stokes number, the case where particles were not captured on the gas-liquid interface was also confirmed. Thus, the Stokes number is one of the important parameters for the aerosol particle capturing by gas-liquid interface.
吉田 啓之; 上澤 伸一郎; 堀口 直樹; 宮原 直哉; 小瀬 裕男*
Proceedings of 11th Korea-Japan Symposium on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics and Safety (NTHAS-11) (Internet), 6 Pages, 2018/11
The radioactive aerosol removal equipment is used as one of the safety systems of nuclear reactors. In this equipment, micro particles of aerosol remove through gas-liquid interfaces of two-phase flow. The mechanism related to the removal of micro particles through the gas-liquid interface is not clear, a numerical evaluation method of performance of aerosol removal equipment is not realized. Then, we have started to construct a numerical simulation method to simulate removal of micro particles through gas-liquid interfaces. In this simulation method, detailed two-phase flow simulation code TPFIT is used as the basis of this method. TPFIT adopts an advanced interface tracking method and can simulate interface movement and deformation directly. In addition, to simulate the movement of particles, the Lagrangian particle tracking method is incorporated. By combining the interface tracking method and the Lagrangian particle tracking method, the interaction between interfaces and micro particles can be simulated in detail. To solve the Lagrangian equations of particles, fluid properties and fluid velocity surrounding aerosol particles are evaluated by considering the relative position of particles and gas-liquid interface, to simulate particle movement near the interface. In this paper, outline and preliminary results of this simulation method are shown.
Gu, B.; 高橋 三郎*; 前川 禎通
Physical Review B, 96(21), p.214423_1 - 214423_6, 2017/12
被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：44.79(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Using density functional theory calculations, we have found an enhanced magneto-optical Kerr effect in Fe/insulator interfaces. The results of our study indicate that interfacial Fe atoms in the Fe films have a lowdimensional nature, which causes the following two effects: (1) The diagonal component 
of the optical conductivity decreases dramatically because the hopping integral for electrons between Fe atoms is suppressed by the low dimensionality. (2) The off-diagonal component 
of the optical conductivity does not change at low photon energies, but it is enhanced at photon energies around 2 eV, where we obtain enhanced orbital magnetic moments and spin-orbit correlations for the interfacial Fe atoms. A large Kerr angle develops in proportion to the ratio /. Our findings indicate an efficient way to enhance the effect of spin-orbit coupling at metal/insulator interfaces without using heavy elements.
堀口 直樹; 吉田 啓之; 阿部 豊*
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 310, p.580 - 586, 2016/12
被引用回数：9 パーセンタイル：67.03(Nuclear Science & Technology)So celled multi Venturi scrubbers systems are installed in light water reactor systems to realize filtered venting at accident. This system is composed of many Venturi scrubbers (VS) and a water pool. However, the scrubbing mechanism of the self-priming VS including effects of gas mass flow rate and shape of the VS are understood insufficiently in the previous studies. Therefore, we started numerical and experimental study to understand the detailed two-phase flow behavior in the VS. In this paper, to understand the VS operation characteristics for the filtered venting, we performed numerical simulations of two-phase flow behavior in the VS. In the first step of this study, we perform numerical simulations of supersonic flow by the TPFIT to validate the applicability of the TPFIT for high velocity flow like flow in the VS. In the second step, numerical simulation of two-phase flow behavior in the VS including self-priming phenomena. As the results, dispersed flow in the VS was reproduced in the numerical simulation, as same as the visualization experiments.
横田 祥*; 中後 大輔*; 橋本 洋志*; 川端 邦明
Proceedings of 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, p.910 - 911, 2016/08
本論文の目的は、パーソナルモビリティのサドルタイプインタフェースの入力あそびに関する特性の実験的検証と制御スキームへの実装である。プロトタイプにより実験した結果について述べた。
山口 徹治; 澤口 拓磨; 塚田 学; 星野 清一*; 田中 忠夫
Clay Minerals, 51(2), p.279 - 287, 2016/02
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：26.35(Chemistry, Physical)セメント硬化体を炭酸ナトリウム溶液に接触させて変質させる試験と、セメント硬化体とベントナイトを接触させて変質させる試験とを行った。変質に伴う物質移行特性の変化は、トリチウム水を透過拡散させて拡散係数の変化を検出することによって調べた。炭酸系の試験では、界面近傍における鉱物の変化に伴い、180日間に拡散係数が変質前の70%に低下した。セメントとベントナイトを接触させたケイ酸系の試験では、界面近傍における鉱物の変化に伴い、600日間に拡散係数が変質前の71%に低下した。粉砕したセメント硬化体とベントナイトを混合して変質させた既往の研究では、拡散係数が180日間に変質前の20%にまで低下したのに比較すると、本研究では反応面積が小さいので拡散係数の変化も小さくなった。炭酸系の実験では硬化体表面から0.55mmの範囲で拡散係数の変化が起こり、ケイ酸系の実験では界面から0.5mmの範囲で拡散係数の変化が起こったと評価された。この結果を、単純なモデルを用いて15年間に外挿したところ、フランスTournemire地下実験施設で観察された15年間にわたるセメント-粘土岩相互作用の特徴をよく再現した。このような知見は、実験データに信頼性を与えるとともに、実験に基づくデータやモデルを長期評価に用いる際の根拠の1つとなりうる。
加藤 由幹; 吉田 啓之; 横山 諒太郎*; 金川 哲也*; 金子 暁子*; 文字 秀明*; 阿部 豊*
Proceedings of 23rd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-23) (DVD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2015/05
In this study, visualization experiment for the bubbly flow in a horizontal pipe excited by oscillation acceleration was performed to understand bubbly flow behavior under earthquake acceleration. Liquid pressure was also measured at upstream and downstream of the test section. In addition, to consider detailed effects of pressure gradient on bubble motion, numerical simulation of two-phase flow in horizontal pipe with vibration was performed by a detailed two-phase flow simulation code with an advanced interface tracking method: TPFIT. Based on observed images and calculated results, bubble velocity was evaluated. It was confirmed that the pressure gradient amplitude increased with the increase of the frequency of the table. In addition, it was observed that the bubble velocity amplitude also increases with the increase of the frequency of the table. It was concluded that the bubble motion was strongly affected by the pressure gradient in the test section.
伊藤 啓; 功刀 資彰*; 大野 修司; 上出 英樹; 大島 宏之
Journal of Computational Physics, 273, p.38 - 53, 2014/09
被引用回数：17 パーセンタイル：70.74(Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications)In the volume-of-fluid algorithm, the calculations of the interface normal and curvature are crucially important for accurately simulating interfacial flows. In this paper, the authors develop a height function method that works appropriately on an unstructured grid. In the process, the definition of the height function is discussed, and the high-precision calculation method of the interface normal is developed to meet the necessary condition for a second-order method. The curvature calculation method is also discussed and the approximated quadric curve of an interface is employed to calculate the curvature. Following a basic verification, the developed height function method is shown to successfully provide superior calculation accuracy and highly reduced computational cost compared with conventional calculation methods in terms of the interface normal and curvature.
吉田 啓之; 永武 拓; 高瀬 和之; 金子 暁子*; 文字 秀明*; 阿部 豊*
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 1(4), p.TEP0025_1 - TEP0025_11, 2014/08
In this study, to develop the predictive technology of two-phase flow dynamics under earthquake acceleration, a detailed two-phase flow simulation code with an advanced interface tracking method TPFIT was expanded. In addition, the bubbly flow in a horizontal pipe excited by oscillation acceleration and under the fluctuation of the liquid flow was simulated by using the modified TPFIT. In the results, it was confirmed that the modified TPFIT can predict time dependent velocity distribution around the bubbles and shapes of bubbles qualitatively. The main cause of bubble deformation observed is large shear stress at the lower part of the bubble, and this large shear stress is induced by the velocity difference between the liquid phase and bubble. Moreover, we discussed about the difference between both effects of flow rate fluctuation and structure vibration on two-phase flow. In the results, bubble acceleration of the structure vibration case was larger than that of the flow rate fluctuation case. Finally, it was concluded that unsteady shear stress induced by vibration of the pipe wall was one of the main driving forces of bubble motion in structure vibration case.
