Stress and plastic strain partitioning behaviors and those contributions to martensitic transformation of retained austenite in medium manganese and transformation-induced plasticity-aided bainitic ferrite steels

北條 智彦*; 小山 元道*; 熊井 麦弥*; Zhou, Y.*; 柴山 由樹; 城 鮎美*; 菖蒲 敬久; 齋藤 寛之*; 味戸 沙耶*; 秋山 英二*

ISIJ International, 65(2), p.284 - 296, 2025/02

https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2024-268

Stress and plastic strain distributions and those partitioning behaviors of ferrite and retained austenite were investigated in the medium manganese (Mn) and the transformation-induced plasticity-aided bainitic ferrite (TBF) steels, and the martensitic transformation behaviors of retained austenite during Luders elongation and work hardening were analyzed using synchrotron X-ray diffraction at SPring-8. The stress and plastic strain of retained austenite and volume fraction of retained austenite were remarkably changed during Luders deformation in the medium Mn steel, implying that the medium Mn steel possessed inhomogeneous deformation at the parallel part of the tensile specimen. On the other hand, the distributions of the stress, plastic strain and volume fraction of retained austenite were homogeneous and the homogeneous deformation occurred at the parallel part of the tensile specimen at the plastic deformation regime with work hardening in the medium Mn and TBF steels. The martensitic transformation of retained austenite at uders deformation in the medium Mn steel was possessed owing to the application of high stress and preferential deformation at retained austenite, resulting in a significant increase in the plastic deformation and reduction of stress in the retained austenite. The martensitic transformation of retained austenite at the plastic deformation regime with work hardening was induced by the high dislocation density and newly applied plastic deformation in retained austenite in the medium Mn steel whereas the TBF steel possessed gradual transformation of retained austenite which is applied high tensile stress and moderate plastic deformation.

残留オーステナイトを含有する中Mn複合組織鋼の高速変形特性

興津 貴隆*; 北條 智彦*; 諸岡 聡; 宮本 吾郎*

鉄と鋼, 110(3), p.260 - 267, 2024/02

https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2023-065

We have investigated the dynamic tensile properties of 4, 5, 6-mass%-Mn-containing low carbon steels with multi-phase microstructures containing retained austenite. The five materials used were classified into two groups. The first group of materials, with around 10% of retained austenite, showed normal strain rete dependence of yield strength (YS) and tensile strength (TS) as in conventional high strength steels. The second group of materials, containing 25-36% of retained austenite, exhibited Lders elongation showed also normal strain rate dependence in YS and flow stress at Lders deformation, but TS varied in a complex manner. Among the second group, in the 4 Mn steel, TS was nearly constant at strain rates below 1 s but increased slightly at higher strain rates. In the 5 and 6 Mn steels, TS once decreased up to the strain rate of 1 or 10 s, and then began to increase at higher strain rates. These behaviors were discussed in terms of temperature rise during plastic deformation causing suppression of martensitic transformation, and thermal stability of retained austenite. In the 4 Mn steel with relatively unstable retained austenite, almost all the austenite transforms regardless of strain rate. In the 5 and 6 Mn steels, where the retained austenite is moderately stable, strain induced transformation of austenite continues up to high plastic strain, providing a good balance of strength and ductility. At high strain rate, TS decreases slightly due to temperature rise, but at higher strain rates than 1 s, the strain rate sensitivity of flow stress in ferrite become prominent and the flow stress increases.

Magnetic layer thickness influence on magnetoelastic properties anisotropy in CoFeMnSi heusler alloy thin films

Nabialek, A.*; Chumak, O.*; 関 剛斎*; 高梨 弘毅; Baczewski, L. T.*; Szymczak, H.*

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 59(11), p.2501405_1 - 2501405_5, 2023/11

https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2023.3287324

The anisotropic magnetoelastic (ME) properties of epitaxial CoFeMnSi(CFMS) Heusler alloy thin films with thicknesses ranging from 8 to 100 nm were investigated using the strain-modulated ferromagnetic resonance (SMFMR) technique. The calculation of the first cubic magnetocrystalline (MC) constant and the two cubic ME constants and was carried out assuming the cubic symmetry of the magnetic layer. A significant negative perpendicular MC anisotropy, of the order of 10 J/m, was also observed. The investigated parameters were found to be dependent on the thickness of the magnetic layer. The thinnest magnetic layers showed the strongest cubic MC anisotropy and the weakest anisotropy of ME properties. These findings highlight the importance of considering the magnetic layer thickness when evaluating the anisotropy in the ME properties of Heusler alloy thin films.

TVF3号溶融炉の炉底に関する詳細構造

朝日 良光; 嶋村 圭介*; 小林 秀和; 小高 亮

JAEA-Technology 2021-026, 50 Pages, 2022/03

JAEA-Technology-2021-026.pdf:6.29MB

東海再処理施設では、使用済み核燃料の再処理に伴い発生した高レベル放射性廃液のガラス固化処理を、ガラス固化技術開発施設(Tokai Vitrification Facility; TVF)に設置した液体供給式直接通電型セラミック溶融炉(Liquid-Fed Ceramic Melter; LFCM)方式のガラス溶融炉にて行っている。LFCM方式のガラス溶融炉では、廃液に含まれる白金族元素の酸化物が析出して溶融ガラスの粘性が高まることで、溶融ガラスを流下し尽くした後にも粘性の高いガラスが炉内底部に残留する傾向がある。これがガラスの通電加熱特性に影響するのを防ぐため除去する必要があるが、この作業には時間を要する。固化処理を早期に完了するため、日本原子力研究開発機構では、白金族元素の炉内への蓄積量低減をねらった新しい炉へ更新する計画である。これまでの設計プロセスから、次期溶融炉の炉底・ストレーナ形状について複数の候補形状が考案されており、本報では、それらの中から、運転操作性や白金族元素粒子の排出性が現行溶融炉と同等以上の性能を持つ次期溶融炉の炉底・ストレーナ形状を選定する。はじめに、考案された3種類の炉底形状に対し、ガラス固化体1本分を製造する溶融炉の運転について3次元熱流動計算を用いてシミュレートし、溶融炉内のガラス温度分布の推移を比較した。これらの結果に溶融炉としての技術的・構造的な成立性を加味し、次期溶融炉の炉底形状には傾斜角45の円錐形状を採用した。次に、5種類のストレーナ形状について3次元のCFD計算を用いて流路抵抗と炉底付近に滞留する高粘性流体の排出割合を見積もり、それぞれ、現行炉と同等以上の性能を持つことを確認した。また、アクリル製の炉底形状模型を用いたシリコーンオイルを充填・流下する実験を行い、流下中の流動場には流動抵抗を生じさせる渦が発生しないことを確認した。また、レンガ片による流下ノズル閉塞防止機能が十分な性能を持つことを確認した。これらの結果を踏まえてストレーナ形状を選定した。

Neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging for microstructure and residual strain in induction hardened gears

Su, Y. H.; 及川 健一; 篠原 武尚; 甲斐 哲也; 堀野 孝*; 井戸原 修*; 三阪 佳孝*; 友田 陽*

Scientific Reports (Internet), 11, p.4155_1 - 4155_14, 2021/02

AA2020-0778.pdf:6.49MB

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83555-9

A time-of-flight Bragg-edge neutron transmission imaging was used to investigate the microstructure and strain distributions in a gear hardened by a newly developed two-step induction-heating method: precursor (Sample 1) and final product (Sample 2). The edge- position and edge-broadening were determined and mapped with high spatial resolution, which enabled us to confirm the two-dimensional distributions of the microstructure and residual strain. A deep hardened layer was made for Sample 1 in which martensite was formed on the entire teeth and the outer peripheral portion of the gear body. Sample 2 was subjected to double induction-hardening, where a tempered martensite was formed as the thermal refined microstructure between a fine-grained martensite at the tooth surface and a ferrite-pearlite microstructure at the core. The relationship between edge-broadening and the Vickers hardness described by a linear equation was employed to derive the elastic residual strain. The residual strain map for Sample 2 revealed that a steep compressive strain was introduced into the fine-grained martensite at the tooth surface by the super rapid induction- heating and quenching process. The reversal of tension was speculated to occur below 2 mm from the tooth tip, and the strain was almost zero in the core region.

Development of cryogenic tensile testing apparatus for lattice strain measurement using synchrotron radiation for REBCO composite conductors

菅野 未知央*; 町屋 修太郎*; 菖蒲 敬久; 城 鮎美*; 梶原 堅太郎*; 中本 達志*

Superconductor Science and Technology, 33(8), p.085003_1 - 085003_10, 2020/08

https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab953e

REBaCuO-delta (REBCO) composite tapes are candidate conductors for future accelerator magnets. Given that REBCO is a brittle oxide film, stress/strain management is important in the mechanical design of a magnet. Therefore, the strain state of a superconducting film should be predicted under various operating conditions. A quantum beam is a useful tool in evaluating the strain state of a superconducting material in a composite conductor. Although various cryogenic tensile testing machines, in combination with neutron beam and synchrotron radiation, have been developed, they are not necessarily optimized for measuring highly textured materials such as REBCO films. This study reports a novel cryogenic tensile testing apparatus that can be used at the beamline of a synchrotron radiation facility. In this system, a superconducting tape is cooled using a Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler through 2.5 m long thermal links made of 5 N high-purity aluminum. This enables a compact cryogenic loading system that can be mounted on the goniometer of a beamline. Lattice strain measurements using synchrotron radiation were conducted at 40 K, 77 K, and 300 K for a commercially available (Y,Gd)BCO coated conductor at BL28B2 in SPring-8. The onset strain of film fracture determined from the lattice strain measurement at 77 K agreed well with the irreversible strain of critical current at the same temperature. The residual and fracture strain of the (Y,Gd)BCO film at 77 K was evaluated as well.

Development of creep property equations of 316FR stainless steel and Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel for sodium-cooled fast reactor to achieve 60-year design life

鬼澤 高志; 橋立 竜太

Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 6(1), p.18-00477_1 - 18-00477_15, 2019/02

https://doi.org/10.1299/mej.18-00477

316FR鋼と改良9Cr-1Mo鋼はナトリウム冷却高速炉(SFR)の構造材料への適用が検討されている。日本原子力研究開発機構は、経済性の向上と放射性廃棄物の削減を目的として、いくつかの革新的技術を提案しており、その中でも最も有効な手段の一つとして60年設計を採用することが挙げられている。60年設計を可能とするためには、日本機械学会規格に規定されている材料強度基準等を30時間から50万時間に延長しなければならないが、これには外挿性に優れたクリープ破断関係式及びクリープひずみ式が不可欠である。本論文では、長時間クリープ特性評価に基づいて、316FR鋼及び改良9Cr-1Mo鋼の高温・長時間におけるクリープメカニズムの変化を考慮したクリープ特性式の開発について述べる。開発したクリープ特性式は、現行の日本機械学会規格のクリープ特性式よりも、より正確な長時間クリープ特性評価が可能である。

Thermal strain in superconducting NbSn strand at cryogenic temperature

Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; 辺見 努; 伊藤 崇芳*; 中本 建志*; 相澤 一也

JPS Conference Proceedings (Internet), 8, p.031001_1 - 031001_5, 2015/09

Measurements of thermal strains in the superconducting constituent (NbSn phase) in NbSn strand were performed using BL19 Takumi of MLF, J-PARC. Lattice parameters of NbSn phase change continuously with increasing temperature. To avoid the thermal expansion effect, lattice parameters of the filaments (extracted from the strand) measured at the same temperatures were used to estimate the thermal strains in NbSn phase. As results, thermal strains for axial direction below 50 K are kept roughly constant at large compressive values, while the values are much lower (the difference is 0.13%) than that measured at room temperature.

EDC試験手法による反応度事故時の燃料被覆管破損に及ぼす水素化物偏在及び2軸応力状態の影響の評価

篠崎 崇; 三原 武; 宇田川 豊; 杉山 智之; 天谷 政樹

JAEA-Research 2014-025, 34 Pages, 2014/12

JAEA-Research-2014-025.pdf:6.05MB

EDC(Expansion-Due-to-Compression)試験は、燃料被覆管の機械特性試験の一手法であり、反応度事故(RIA)時におけるペレット-被覆管機械的相互作用(PCMI)に着目した試験手法である。本研究では、高燃焼度燃料被覆管に見られる"水素化物リム"を模擬するために外周部に水素化物を偏析させた未照射被覆管を使用し、高燃焼度燃料のRIA時に被覆管に負荷される機械的条件を模擬したEDC試験を実施した。試料の水素濃度および偏析した水素化物の厚みが増加すると、試験後試料の周方向残留ひずみが低下する傾向が見られた。また、RIA時に被覆管外面の水素化物に発生するき裂を模擬するため、外面に予き裂を有する被覆管(RAG管)を作製し、この試料を対象としたEDC試験を行った結果、試料の予き裂深さが増加するにつれて破損時の周方向全ひずみが低下する傾向が見られた。さらに、RAG管試料に軸方向引張荷重を負荷することで2軸応力状態とし、EDC試験を実施した。このような2軸応力状態では、単軸引張条件である通常のEDC試験と比較して破損時の周方向全ひずみが低下する傾向が見られた。

Analysis on split failure of cladding of high burnup BWR rods in reactivity-initiated accident conditions by RANNS code

鈴木 元衛; 斎藤 裕明*; 更田 豊志

Nuclear Engineering and Design, 236(2), p.128 - 139, 2006/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2005.07.009

RIA条件での燃料ふるまいを解析するコードRANNSを開発した。このコードは1本の燃料棒の熱解析とFEM力学解析を行い、温度分布,PCMI接触力,応力歪み分布とそれらの相互作用を計算する。RANNSによる解析はFEMAXI-6の解析による事故直前状態から始める。高燃焼度BWR燃料を用いたFK-10とFK12実験の解析を行い、PCMI過程を詳細に分析した。その結果、ペレットの熱膨張は被覆管の変形を支配し、被覆管は二軸応力状態におかれること,被覆管の熱膨張は内側領域の応力を外側領域より大きく低下させることが明らかとなった。また幅の広いパルスを照射したシミュレーション計算を行い、被覆管の周方向応力値を実験に基づく推定値と比較検討した。