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Preparation of anion-exchange membranes for fuel cell applications by $$gamma$$-ray pre-irradiation grafting

$$gamma$$線グラフト法による燃料電池用アニオン交換型電解質膜の作製

越川 博; 八巻 徹也; 浅野 雅春; 前川 康成; 山口 進*; 山本 和矢*; 朝澤 浩一郎*; 山田 浩次*; 田中 裕久*

Koshikawa, Hiroshi; Yamaki, Tetsuya; Asano, Masaharu; Maekawa, Yasunari; Yamaguchi, Susumu*; Yamamoto, Kazuya*; Asazawa, Koichiro*; Yamada, Koji*; Tanaka, Hirohisa*

燃料電池用アニオン交換型電解質膜(AEM)をETFE膜へのクロロメチルスチレングラフト重合とトリメチルアミンの四級化反応により作製した。塩化物型のAEMを1M-KOH及び窒素ガスでバブリングした純水で処理することで水酸化物型に置換できる。しかし、水酸化物型はCO$$_{2}$$が溶存した水で重炭酸化物型に置換される。AEMは対イオンの酸性度が低いと伝導率及び含水率が増加した。グラフト鎖に架橋を導入すると、スチレンスルホン酸グラフト鎖のプロトン交換型電解質膜で効果があったが、AEMでは塩化物型と水酸化物型ともに含水率がわずかに減少しただけだった。この結果から、AEMの水酸化物型で強力に水を吸収する傾向があることが明らかになった。

The anion-exchange membranes (AEM) for fuel cells were prepared by the radiation-induced graft polymerization of chloromethylstyrene into poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) films and subsequent quaternization of the grafts with trimethylamine. When the AEM were treated in 1M-KOH and washed with N$$_{2}$$-saturated water, the membranes with chloride form can be converted quantitatively to hydroxide form. However, the hydroxide form was easily converted to the bicarbonate form by the treatment in non-bubbled (CO$$_{2}$$ dissolved) water. When we introduced the crosslinkers in polymer grafts, which is proved to be very effective in the proton conducting PEM having a poly(styrenesulfonic acid) grafts, the grafted AEM with both chloride and hydroxide forms showed only slight decrease of water uptake. It should be noted that AEM with hydroxide form showed very high tendency to absorb water.

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