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Yoshikawa, Shinji
JAEA-Research 2019-004, 32 Pages, 2019/09
JAEA-Research-2019-004.pdf:2.77MB
Steam and hydrogen generation history and gas leakage area are inversely evaluated by a thermal hydraulic analysis code GOTHIC. The analyzed period in the accident progression is from the arrival of reactor liquid level at the top of active fuel (TAF) until start of depressurization of reactor pressure vessel(RPV) by activation of automatic depressurization system(ADS). Based on the measured behaviors of the RPV and PCV pressures from 6:30 of March 13th until the ADS activation, some leakage from RPV to PCV is supposed during this period. The leakage path and area are inversely derived on plural possible accident scenarios. The leakage area are estimated to be no greater than 1 cm
. This result suggests that the gas flow at the time of the main slumping would have been through S/C, where vapor condensation was effective, thus certain contribution of non-condensable gases like hydrogen seems necessary to explain the observed D/W pressure increase.
Nagao, Fumiya; Niizato, Tadafumi; Sasaki, Yoshito; Ito, Satomi; Watanabe, Takayoshi; Dohi, Terumi; Nakanishi, Takahiro; Sakuma, Kazuyuki; Hagiwara, Hiroki; Funaki, Hironori; et al.
JAEA-Research 2019-002, 235 Pages, 2019/08
JAEA-Research-2019-002.pdf:21.04MB
The accident of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (hereinafter referred to 1F), Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. occurred due to the Great East Japan Earthquake, Sanriku offshore earthquake, of 9.0 magnitude and the accompanying tsunami. As a result, large amount of radioactive materials was released into the environment. Under these circumstances, JAEA has been conducting Long-term Environmental Dynamics Research concerning radioactive materials released in environment, especially migration behavior of radioactive cesium since November 2012. This report is a summary of the research results that have been obtained in environmental dynamics research conducted by JAEA in Fukushima Prefecture.
Otani, Kyohei; Sato, Tomonori; Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Yamamoto, Masahiro
JAEA-Review 2019-007, 15 Pages, 2019/06
JAEA-Review-2019-007.pdf:2.35MB
Metallic pipes under solid-liquid two phase flow is damaged by collision of solid particle to the pipe walls, and this phenomenon is named "erosion". In the case of the liquid is corrosive solution, further damage is occurred on the pipe walls chemically, and this named "erosion-corrosion". In the Fukushima Daiichi decommissioning project, the fuel debris will be crushed during removal operation of the debris and micro debris particles would be generated. It is estimated that the pipes of the circulating cooling system would be damaged under the solid-liquid two phase flow containing fuel debris particles. For the reason, the previous study about erosion and erosion-corrosion of metallic materials under solid-liquid two phase flow was surveyed. The survey showed that the damage rate by erosion and erosion-corrosion is influence by a lot of parameter in comparison to the corrosion rate which occurred in no-flow solution. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to selecting the experimental method and condition before the investigation about erosion-corrosion of metallic materials under solid-liquid two phase flow is carried out.
Tagomori, Hisaya; Dohi, Terumi; Ishii, Yasuo; Kanaizuka, Seiichi*; Fujiwara, Kenso; Iijima, Kazuki
JAEA-Technology 2019-001, 37 Pages, 2019/03
JAEA-Technology-2019-001.pdf:26.85MB
An efficient methodology for separating the radiocaesium-bearing micro particles (CsMPs) released by the TEPCO's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident is required to investigate their spatial distribution and physicochemical properties. In this report we developed an efficiency separation method for CsMP from litters since the radiocaesium in litter may affect the radiocaesium cycling in forest ecosystem. One CsMP separation from litter containing lots of soil particles was attained within three days using electron microscopic analysis with digestion treatment of organic matter. This methodology is expected as CsMPs efficient separation method for not only forest floor litter but also barks and leaves of living tree, and other organic materials in the forested environment.
Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development, Fukushima Research Insitute
JAEA-Review 2018-029, 51 Pages, 2019/03
JAEA-Review-2018-029.pdf:6.69MB
Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development (Naraha Center) was established in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) to promote decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (Fukushima Daiichi NPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO). Naraha Center consists of a Full-scale Mock-up Test Building and a Research Management Building, and various test facilities are installed in them for the decommissioning work of Fukushima Daiichi NPS, TEPCO. Naraha Center provides the test facilities to various users, such as companies engaged in the decommissioning work, research and development institutions, educational institutions, and so on. Naraha Center started full operations on April 2016 as a base that can be widely used, and the number of the facility use was 64 in FY2017. This report summarizes the activities of Naraha Center in FY2017, such as utilization of facilities and equipment of Naraha Center, development of remote control technologies, maintenance of the remote control equipments for emergency response and training for operators by using the equipments.
Funaki, Hironori; Takahara, Shogo; Sasaki, Miyuki; Yoshimura, Kazuya; Nakama, Shigeo; Sanada, Yukihisa
JAEA-Research 2018-016, 48 Pages, 2019/03
JAEA-Research-2018-016.pdf:29.73MB
Cabinet Office Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters starts to consider radiation protection in the "specific reconstruction reproduction base area" of which evacuation order will be lifted by 2023. It is essential to grab the present situations of radiation contamination and evaluate exposure dose in the area to realize the plan. Many surveys have evaluated the distributions of air dose rate and exposure dose has been estimated based on the results since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Nevertheless, more detailed information on exposure is needed for the areas because its radiation level is relatively high. That is also to help make prudent evaluation plan. This study aimed to evaluate the detailed contamination situation there and estimate exposure dose with considering areal circumstances. Investigations were carried out for (1) airborne survey of air dose rate using an unmanned helicopter (2) evaluation of airborne radiocesium and (3) estimation of external/internal effective doses for typical activity patterns assumed. Additionally, we applied new methods for the airborne survey to evaluate exposure dose. Our study showed a detailed three-dimensional map of air dose rate and clarified the distribution pattern in the areas. Results of effective dose estimation suggested that the internal effective dose due to inhalation accounts for less than 1% of the external effective dose.
Kato, Tomoko; Fukaya, Yukiko*; Sugiyama, Takeshi*; Nakai, Kunihiro*; Oda, Chie; Oi, Takao
JAEA-Data/Code 2019-002, 162 Pages, 2019/03
JAEA-Data-Code-2019-002.pdf:2.78MB
The radioactive waste generated from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident have features such as wide range of contamination level (from low to high) and huge amount etc. It would be necessary for the waste from the FDNPP accident to construct suitable disposal concept and dispose safely and reasonably. To develop suitable disposal concepts for the waste from the FDNPP accident, applicability of the present disposal concepts (deep geological disposal, sub-surface disposal, near-surface disposal (trench type and concrete pit type), etc) is being discussed. For such disucssion it would be expected to be able to use common scenarios, models and parameter sets for various disposal concepts. Therefore, as a preliminary study to standardize such scenarios, models and parameter sets, a standardized biosphere model and parameter set which are applicable to the biospohere assessment for various disposal concepts were developed as an example refering to the existing biosphere models, parameters defined for present disposal concepts and latest findings. And, a set of flux-to-dose conversion factors calculated with the standardized biosphere model and parameter set was also demonstrated.
Futemma, Akira; Sanada, Yukihisa; Ishizaki, Azusa; Iwai, Takeyuki*; Seguchi, Eisaku; Matsunaga, Yuki*; Kawabata, Tomoki; Toyoda, Masayuki*; Tobita, Shinichiro*; Hiraga, Shogo*; et al.
JAEA-Technology 2018-015, 120 Pages, 2019/02
JAEA-Technology-2018-015.pdf:15.01MB
By the nuclear disaster of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the following tsunami on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released from the NPS. After the nuclear disaster, airborne radiation monitoring using manned helicopter was conducted around FDNPS. The results in the fiscal 2017 were summarized in this report. In addition, we developed and systemized the discrimination technique of the Rn-progenies. The accuracy of aerial radiation monitoring was evaluated by taking into consideration GPS data error.
Arakawa, Ryoki; Nosaki, Nobuhisa
JAEA-Technology 2018-013, 51 Pages, 2019/02
JAEA-Technology-2018-013.pdf:7.75MB
The Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development has various test facilities for the decommissioning work after the accident of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, TEPCO Holdings, and is now promoting external use. In the test facilities, the robot test pool for the underwater robot can be used in different temperature conditions from room temperature to 60
C, maximum setting temperature. In order to clarify the temperature behavior in heating condition, a heating test from room temperature to 60C was performed, and obtained the data. From the obtained temperature data, a heat transfer model for evaluating the temperature behavior was investigated, and the temperature evaluation method for the robot test pool was developed. This report summarizes the developed heat transfer model, and also summarizes the temperature evaluation method during heating and cooling conditions. Moreover, user's manual for the temperature evaluation code was also created.
Arisaka, Makoto
JAEA-Research 2018-014, 27 Pages, 2019/02
JAEA-Research-2018-014.pdf:1.21MB
Influence of ultrasonic irradiation on cesium (Cs) retention ability of biotite was examined in order to support of management of wastes generated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. Suspensions of Cs exchanged biotite were ultrasonically irradiated at three frequencies of 200, 430, and 950 kHz. The concentration of Cs in the aqueous phase increased, when the irradiation frequency of the ultrasonic is 430 kHz, compared with that without irradiation. This result means decrease of Cs retention ability of biotite. In addition, we observed two phenomena, that (i) the stability of suspension decreased after ultrasonic irradiation and (ii) the Cs concentration continued to increase after the irradiation. However, phenomena were hardly reproducible with a limited of experiments.
Shimada, Kazumasa; Sasaki, Toshihisa*; Iijima, Masashi*; Munakata, Masahiro
JAEA-Research 2018-012, 68 Pages, 2019/02
JAEA-Research-2018-012.pdf:4.15MB
The external exposure dose of off-site emergency responders at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident were evaluated in order to consider a radiation protection of emergency responders. The maximum value of individual daily dose of emergency responders whose activities details were recorded from 12th to 31th March 2011 was 650 
Sv engaged in evacuation support in Futaba Town on 12th. Next, atmospheric concentrations and deposition of radionuclides were calculated from the source terms estimated by previous studies using atmospheric diffusion and deposit calculation codes, and air dose rates at off-site were estimated. Then, the external exposure dose was calculated for 6 emergency responders whose daily activities and personal doses were continuously recorded. Furthermore, the maximum value and the average value of the calculation external dose of emergency responders in the activity area were compared with the measurement value of the personal dosimeter of them. These results showed that the calculated value of the external exposure dose of emergency responders calculated from the maximum value of the dose rate in the active area roughly includes the measured value.
Thwe, T. A.; Terada, Atsuhiko; Hino, Ryutaro
JAEA-Technology 2018-012, 45 Pages, 2019/01
JAEA-Technology-2018-012.pdf:4.34MB
Under long-term storage of nuclear wastes including low- and high-level wastes, hydrogen can be spontaneously generated from corrosion of metal wastes and container wall itself, and from radiolysis of water in the waste. For the sake of hydrogen safety and the risk reduction of environmental contamination, we have started to investigate the behavior and characteristics of hydrogen combustion and explosion in waste vessel. In this report, we performed numerical simulation to investigate the characteristics of methane combustion by applying OpenFOAM. For combustion scenario, FireFoam solver with LES frame was used. As the results, the average temperature increased when the container height and inlet size increased. The simulation of gas diffusion by FireFoam results showed that helium diffused faster than hydrogen and methane. By XiFoame solver, the simulation was performed to obtain flame propagation radius for hydrogen-air premixed flame.
Arakawa, Ryoki; Nosaki, Nobuhisa; Hirata, Yuji*
JAEA-Technology 2018-009, 28 Pages, 2019/01
JAEA-Technology-2018-009.pdf:2.94MB
The Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development consists of a mock-up test building and a research management building, and various test facilities are installed in them for the decommissioning work after the accident of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings. In the test facilities, the robot test pool for the underwater robot can be tested under temperature conditions raised from room temperature to 60C. Then, for the purpose of grasping the temperature distribution inside of the pool and the temperature rising behavior in temperature raising condition, a temperature heating test with room temperature to 60C. (maximum setting temperature) was performed, and as well as an analytical study was performed. This report summarizes the obtained both experimental and analytical studies.
Sanada, Yukihisa; Nishizawa, Yukiyasu*; Ochi, Kotaro; Yuki, Yoichi*; Ishizaki, Azusa; Osada, Naoyuki*
JAEA-Research 2018-009, 48 Pages, 2019/01
JAEA-Research-2018-009.pdf:14.77MB
At the accident of nuclear facilities, a prediction of the behavior of released radioactive plume is indispensable to make a decision on a refuge plan of inhabitants. Currently, prediction system which is based on atmospheric dispersion simulation has been implemented as a tool of the atomic energy disaster prevention. However, the direct measurement method of the radioactive plume has not existed. In this study, some component technologies were developed for the establishment of direct measurement methods of radioactive plume using unmanned aerial vehicle whose technological innovation is remarkable. In addition, the spray test using mock aerosol was conducted to obtaining the deposition rate to the airplane body. The algorism of making a flight plan was developed based on a prediction model of the radioactive plume. This report summarized the outcome of the second year of the three-year plan.
Saegusa, Jun; Koma, Yoshikazu; Ashida, Takashi
JAEA-Review 2018-017, 259 Pages, 2018/12
JAEA-Review-2018-017.pdf:53.88MB
Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS) is responsible to promote international cooperation in the R&D activities on the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and to develop the necessary human resources. CLADS held the Fukushima Research Conference on Development of Analytical Techniques in Waste Management (FRCWM 2018) on 19th and 20th June, 2018. This report compiles the abstracts and the presentation materials in the above conference.
Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development, Fukushima Research Insitute
JAEA-Review 2018-014, 52 Pages, 2018/12
JAEA-Review-2018-014.pdf:5.62MB
The Naraha Remote Technology Development Center (Naraha Center) consists of a mock-up test building and a research management building, and various test facilities necessary for the decommissioning work after the accident of TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station are installed. Using these test facilities, a wide range of users, such as companies engaged in decommissioning work, research and development institutions, educational institutions, etc., can efficiently develop robots through characterization and performance evaluation of remote-controlled robots. Furthermore, it is possible to make various uses such as exhibitions that many companies have met together, experts' meetings on decommissioning. This report summarizes the activities of the Naraha Center such as development of remote control technologies, maintenance and training of remote control equipment for emergency response, use of component test areas, and so on in FY2016.
Seki, Masakazu; Maekawa, Tomoyuki; Izawa, Kazuhiko; Sono, Hiroki
JAEA-Technology 2017-038, 52 Pages, 2018/03
JAEA-Technology-2017-038.pdf:4.6MB
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency is conducting a reactor modification project of the Static Experiment Critical Facility (STACY). In the modification, STACY is to be converted from a thermal reactor using solution fuel into that using fuel rods and light water moderator. Reactivity of the modified STACY core is controlled by the water level fed in the core tank as well as the present STACY. In order to verify the basic design of the water feed and drain system of the modified STACY, we constructed a mockup test apparatus with almost the same structure and specifications as the modified STACY. In the mockup test, performance checks were pursued regarding limitation of maximum flow of water feeding, adjustment of the flow rate of water feeding, stop of water feeding and others. This report describes the outline and results of the mock-up test of the water feed and drain system of the modified STACY.
Ichimura, Takahito; Takahashi, Iku; Iwasa, Kaoru; Nozawa, Yoshihiko
JAEA-Technology 2017-037, 322 Pages, 2018/03
JAEA-Technology-2017-037.pdf:69.64MB
The facility construction of the Okuma Analysis and Research Center is being promoted on the basis of the first phase facilities and the second stage facilities in accordance with the road map prescribed by the government in order to promote the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station is there. As the first phase facility, we designed "Radioactive Material Analyses and Research Facility Laboratory-1" which analyses mainly low-medium radiation doses radioactive waste (rabble, logging tree (incineration ash), dismantled waste etc), "Administrative Building" which is an office building, Site decontamination, Exterior and Utility equipment, etc. In addition to radiation protection and prevention of pollution at the time of construction, it is designed to reduce radiation exposure from outdoor pollution sources of residents after the facility starts to operate, shielding for the reliability of the analysis results, suppression and prevention of outside air inflow, etc.
Saito, Hiroshi; Nozawa, Takashi; Takemiya, Hiroshi; Seki, Akiyuki; Matsubara, Takeshi; Saito, Kimiaki; Kitamura, Akihiro
JAEA-Review 2017-040, 34 Pages, 2018/03
JAEA-Review-2017-040.pdf:9.52MB
The accidents at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station on March 11th 2011, released significant amount of radionuclide to the environment. It has migrated to the human habitation and raised concerns of possible effect on human health, and for that a lot of researches have been performed. JAEA created and opened "Database for Radioactive Substance Monitoring Data" for usage of obtained data. For accurate modelling and future forecast using numerical code and the data, "Supporting Environment for Processing Simulation Codes" has been operated. In addition, research results have been opened as Q&A style "Knowledge Base for Environmental Remediation" in JAEA's website. The "Comprehensive Evaluation System" composed of these components, should act more interrelated and integrated as one system. Besides, information dissemination is not enough to the outside. The report summarizes the current status, remaining issues and expected improvement of each component and the system.
Kikuchi, Takeo; Tada, Kenichi; Sakino, Takao; Suyama, Kenya
JAEA-Research 2017-021, 56 Pages, 2018/03
JAEA-Research-2017-021.pdf:2.15MB
The criticality management of the fuel debris is one of the most important research issues in Japan. The current criticality management adopts the fresh fuel assumption. The adoption of the fresh fuel assumption for the criticality control of the fuel debris is difficult because the k
of the fuel debris could exceed 1.0 in most of cases which the fuel debris contains water and does not contain neutron absorbers such as gadolinium. Therefore, the adoption of the burnup credit is considered. The prediction accuracy of the isotopic composition of used nuclear fuel must be required to adopt the burnup credit for the treatment of the fuel debris. JAEA developed a burnup calculation code SWAT4.0 to obtain reference calculation results of the isotopic composition of the used nuclear fuel. This code is used to evaluate the composition of fuel debris. In order to investigate the prediction accuracy of SWAT4.0, we analyzed the PIE of BWR obtained from 2F2DN23.