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山内 邦仁; 岡野 潤; 島田 勝弘; 大森 栄和; 寺門 恒久; 松川 誠; 小出 芳彦; 小林 和容; 池田 佳隆; 福本 雅弘; et al.
JAEA-Technology 2015-053, 36 Pages, 2016/03
JT-60SA計画は、日本の実施機関である原子力機構と欧州の実施機関であるFusion for Energy(F4E)が物納貢献により共同で進める国際事業である。欧州側では超伝導トロイダル磁場コイルの他、磁場コイル用電源の主要機器や極低温システム等を分担するが、F4Eの総括のもとで各国の指定研究機関が欧州のメーカーと契約し、その欧州のメーカーが那珂研での現地据付・調整試験までを行う。このため、原子力機構にとっては直接の契約がないにも係らず、欧州の作業員に対する作業管理や安全管理を行わなければならないという非常に難しい課題があった。本報告は、JT-60SA計画において、欧州の作業員による最初の那珂研での現地作業であるクエンチ保護回路の据付・調整試験を遂行するにあたって、欧州側との事前の密な交渉の結果として合意し、構築・実施した作業管理や安全管理の取組み、およびそれらをもとに完遂した欧州作業についてまとめたものである。これらの取組みの結果、欧州作業員によるクエンチ保護回路の現地据付調整作業を無事故で完遂させることができ、日欧双方にとって非常に大きな成果となった。
Novello, L.*; Cara, P.*; Coletti, A.*; Gaio, E.*; Maistrello, A.*; 松川 誠; Philipps, G.*; Tomarchio, V.*; 山内 邦仁
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 26(2), p.4700507_1 - 4700507_7, 2016/03
被引用回数:7 パーセンタイル:39.28(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)The voltage transient appearing across and inside the toroidal field (TF) coils of JT-60SA in case of fast voltage variation, such as a safety discharge operated by the quench protection circuit (QPC), can be significantly high. In fact, the voltage distribution between coils and inside the winding can be not uniform during fast transient, being influenced by the presence of parasitic capacitances. A simplified electrical model of the TF coils has been developed to investigate this aspect. The obtained model has been used in conjunction with an electrical model of the TF circuit elements, including a simplified model of the QPC. The worst case in terms of transient voltage applied to the winding has been identified, corresponding to a fault to ground occurring just after QPC operation. It has been verified that the resulting voltage is largely inside the coil insulation capability defined by performed insulation voltage tests.
浦野 創; 藤田 隆明*; 井手 俊介; 宮田 良明; 松永 剛; 松川 誠
Fusion Engineering and Design, 100, p.345 - 356, 2015/11
被引用回数:17 パーセンタイル:80.66(Nuclear Science & Technology)JT-60SAにおけるプラズマ着火及び電流立ち上げシナリオを開発した。真空容器や安定化板等の容器内導体構造物に発生する渦電流はプラズマ着火直後のプラズマ電流値(kA)程度にまで増加し、誤差磁場を強める働きをする。100%及び50%の初期励磁において着火条件を満足するシナリオを作成した。プラズマ位置制御のためには垂直磁場を生成する必要があるが、初期プラズマでは渦電流による逆方向の垂直磁場が大きいため、これを打ち消すための外側コイル電流の最適化を行った。プラズマ電流と鎖交磁束で決まるダイバータ配位への移行条件を検討し、初期励磁から着火、電流立ち上げ、ダイバータ移行をスムーズにつなぐ運転シナリオを作成した。
Ferro, A.*; Gaio, E.*; Novello, L.*; 松川 誠; 島田 勝弘; 川俣 陽一; 武智 学
Fusion Engineering and Design, 98-99, p.1053 - 1057, 2015/10
被引用回数:3 パーセンタイル:25.54(Nuclear Science & Technology)JT-60SA is the satellite tokamak under construction in Naka, Japan, in the framework of the EU - JA "Broader Approach" Agreement. In JT-60SA, to attain steady-state high-beta plasmas, suppression of Resistive Wall Modes (RWM) is necessary. At this purpose, a passive stabilizing plate (SP) and an active control system based on 18 in-vessel sector coils (SC) are foreseen. This paper firstly reports the main requirements for the RWM control system. Then, the reference design of the RWM-PS is described. It includes an ac/dc conversion system, dc-link capacitor banks and a set of 18 fast inverters. The advantages of the proposed scheme are discussed and the main electrical parameters are shown in detail. The main requirements of the control section are given, with details on possible implementation and interfaces with JT-60SA central control.
Maistrello, A.*; Gaio, E.*; Novello, L.*; 松川 誠; 山内 邦仁
Fusion Engineering and Design, 98-99, p.1109 - 1112, 2015/10
被引用回数:8 パーセンタイル:55.62(Nuclear Science & Technology)The interruption of high direct currents, required in fusion experiments, is a challenging task. Depending on the technology of the circuit breakers the resulting current derivative may be high, leading to dangerous transient overvoltages. This aspect has been analyzed for JT-60SA Quench Protection Circuits (QPC) devoted to the protection of superconducting coils. The QPC adopts edge technology solutions: a Hybrid mechanical-static Circuit Breaker (HCB) as main circuit breaker in series with a PyroBreaker (PB) as backup protection. Snubbers or clamp networks can be provided in parallel to the breakers to smooth the voltage waveform. Dedicated clamp networks for the HCB have been designed and tested during the qualification of the QPC prototypes. On the contrary, it was preferred not to apply any component in parallel to the PB, the ultimate protection, to avoid reducing its reliability. For PB a different approach has been worked out, based on the optimization of the layout of the QPC connections. Analyses have been performed to highlight the impact of different busbar routes on the transient voltage across the toroidal field coils at the PB intervention. The results indeed showed a variation of the peak voltage in between 30% of the maximum allowed value. The paper will present the analyses and will discuss the results.
Lampasi, A.*; Zito, P.*; Coletti, A.*; Novello, L.*; 松川 誠; 島田 勝弘; Burini, F.*; Kuate-Fone, Y.*; Taddia, G.*; Tenconi, S.*
Fusion Engineering and Design, 98-99, p.1098 - 1102, 2015/10
被引用回数:10 パーセンタイル:64.00(Nuclear Science & Technology)In JT-60SA, the first SNU (prototype), consisting of six cubicles, was assembled in 2013. The factory tests on this system, including tests at full current and voltage, are being performed throughout 2014. The manufacturing of the remaining three SNUs will proceed after the success of such tests. The main characteristics of the developed SNU are; (1) Snchronized use of an electronic static circuit breaker (SCB) in parallel with an electromechanical bypass switch (BPS), (2) Nominal voltage of 5 kV, with a specific circuit to limit the transient voltage to 5.5 kV, (3) DC current interruption up to 20 kA, (4) Light BPS with opening and closing times shorter than 15 ms and 65 ms, respectively, (5) Breakdown resistance adaptable from 0.25 to 3.75 by four selectors, (7) Fully electronic making switch (MS) and (8) Breakdown resistors that could dissipate much more than 90 MJ.
Novello, L.*; Baulaigue, O.*; Coletti, A.*; Dumas, N.*; Ferro, A.*; Gaio, E.*; Lampasi, A.*; Maistrello, A.*; 松川 誠; 島田 勝弘; et al.
Fusion Engineering and Design, 98-99, p.1122 - 1126, 2015/10
被引用回数:16 パーセンタイル:78.98(Nuclear Science & Technology)JT-60SA, the superconducting tokamak under construction in Japan, will be equipped with a mix of new and reused Power Supplies (PS). Most of the new PS are procured by European Voluntary Contributors under the framework of Broader Approach agreement between F4E and JAEA. For the toroidal circuit, the 6 pulses ac/dc converter will be procured by CEA. It is rated 25.7 kA and 80 V dc, and will work in steady state condition. For the poloidal circuits the procurement of ten ac/dc converters, rated 20 kA and about 1 kV is shared between CEA and ENEA. They are 24 pulses four quadrant converters, with back to back thyristor bridges. Plasma initiation requires a fast variation of current in the Central Solenoids, obtained with the insertion of a settable resistor in series to the coils. This is achieved with the operation of four Switching Network Units procured by ENEA, producing up to 5 kV at the nominal 20 kA. The protection of superconducting magnets, both toroidal and poloidal, is assured by 13 Quench Protection Circuits procured by Consorzio RFX, rated 20 kA and 3.8 kV for poloidal QPCs and 25.7 kA and 2.8 kV for toroidal ones. The present status of the aforementioned PS is described in the paper: their detailed design has been completed and some systems have been already manufactured and tested.
Zito, P.*; Lampasi, A.*; Coletti, A.*; Novello, L.*; 松川 誠; 島田 勝弘; Cinarelli, D.*; Portesine, M.*; Dorronsoro, A.*; Vian, D.*
Fusion Engineering and Design, 98-99, p.1191 - 1196, 2015/10
被引用回数:13 パーセンタイル:72.62(Nuclear Science & Technology)In JT-60SA, Fast Plasma Position Control Coils Power Supplies (FPPCC PSs) control vertical position of the plasma during a plasma shot, against Vertical Displacements Event (VDE). For this task, the FPPCC PSs have to be as fast as possible and provide as much voltage as possible. Further, these will be open loop feed forward voltage controlled. The main characteristics are: 4-quadrant AC/DC converter 12-pulse with circulating current, DC load voltage 1000 V and DC load current 5 kA. The induced overvoltage in FPPC coil during a plasma disruption can reach 10 kV and it is bounded by a nonlinear resistor in parallel to the crowbar. All these technical characteristics have strongly influenced the design of the FPPC converter and of the FPPC transformers, that have been validated by simulation model of FPPCC PS. The outcomes of the simulation have allowed to finalize the performances and dynamic behavior of voltage response.
Zito, P.*; Lampasi, A.*; Novello, L.*; 松川 誠; 島田 勝弘; Portesine, M.*; Fasce, F.*; Cinarelli, D.*; Dorronsoro, A.*; Vian, D.*
Proceedings of IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (IEEE-EEEIC 2015), p.156 - 160, 2015/06
In JT-60SA, Fast Plasma Position Control Coils (FPPCC) PSs allow controlling the vertical position of the plasma during a plasma shot, against Vertical Displacements Event (VDE). An open loop feed forward voltage control is adopted in order to achieve a fast control of FPPCC PSs. The characteristics of the PS are: 4-quadrant AC/DC converter 12-pulse, DC load voltage 1000 V and DC load current 5 kA. The design of the FPPCC converters has been validated by a simulation model, finalizing the performances and dynamic behavior of voltage response. After the completion of the realization phase, the testing phase has been carried out in accordance to the IEC60146 Standards and this is the focus of the paper. The tests performed have pointed out a good dynamic behavior of the FPPCC converter in open loop feed forward voltage control, for a reference voltage step of 1kV, the rise time of output voltage is 2.88 ms, confirming outcomes achieved by simulations.
Burini, F.*; Kuate-Fone, Y.*; Taddia, G.*; Tenconi, S.*; Lampasi, A.*; Zito, P.*; 松川 誠; 島田 勝弘; Coletti, A.*; Novello, L.*
Proceedings of 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2014), p.5035 - 5040, 2014/10
This paper describes the design and implementation of the Switching Network Unit (SNU) for the superconducting Central Solenoid coils of the international nuclear fusion experiment JT-60SA to be built in Naka, Japan. The SNU can interrupt a current up to 20 kA in less than 1 ms to create a voltage up to 5 kV. It is realized with a hybrid switch integrating an electro-mechanical device and a solid state Static Circuit Breaker, parallel connected. SNU resistance can be pre-arranged and dynamically reduced by a solid state making switch. Preliminary test results confirmed the current balance of the multiple parallel branches constituting the solid state switch and proper behavior of the devices, confirming simulations results. Further applications could be medium voltage DC networks (either naval or land based); higher DC voltages are practicable.
Maistrello, A.*; Gaio, E.*; Ferro, A.*; Perna, M.*; Panizza, C.*; Soso, F.*; Novello, L.*; 松川 誠; 山内 邦仁
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 24(3), p.3801505_1 - 3801505_5, 2014/06
被引用回数:14 パーセンタイル:58.32(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)This paper deals with the qualification process of the full scale prototypes of the Hybrid mechanical-static dc Circuit Breaker (HCB) for the Quench Protection Circuits (QPC) of the Toroidal Field (TF) and Poloidal Field (PF) superconducting coils of the Satellite Tokamak JT-60SA. The HCB developed for JT-60SA QPC is the first dc circuit breaker based on hybrid mechanical-static design at this level of power (25.7 kA - 1.93 kV, 20 kA - 3.8 kV). Special type tests have been designed to verify the performance of the device up to the nominal ratings and beyond, thus proving the suitability of the technology, the design margins and the reliability; the results of the most significant tests are presented and discussed. The qualification program also includes the validation of the electrical models developed during the design phase, which are described in the paper too.
Gaio, E.*; Maistrello, A.*; Barp, M.*; Perna, M.*; Coffetti, A.*; Soso, F.*; Novello, L.*; 松川 誠; 山内 邦仁
Fusion Engineering and Design, 88(6-8), p.563 - 567, 2013/10
被引用回数:15 パーセンタイル:74.05(Nuclear Science & Technology)This paper deals with the development, manufacturing and testing of the full scale prototype of the Quench Protection Circuit (QPC) for the superconducting magnets of the JT-60SA Satellite Tokamak, which will operate in Naka, Japan. After the completion of the system detailed design in summer 2011, the manufacture of the poloidal and toroidal prototypes was launched and completed at the beginning of 2012. Several factory type tests on the main components have been done at the manufacturers' premises and are described in this paper. Then, two main campaigns have been performed to test the operation of the overall poloidal and toroidal QPC prototypes; the main results are reported in the paper too.
伊丹 潔; Hong, S.-H.*; Bae, Y.-S.*; 松川 誠; Kim, W.-C.*; KSTAR Team*
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 438, p.S930 - S935, 2013/07
被引用回数:13 パーセンタイル:69.19(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The plasma experiments to investigate the production of the helium ECWC plasmas and wall cleaning effects were carried out in the campaigns in 2010 and 2011 of KSTAR. Pulses of ECRF heating with fECRF = 110 GHz were injected into the vacuum vessel and the production of the ECWC plasma was measured by the plasma diagnostics. In 2010, the second harmonic of ECRF heating was applied at the position of = 1.97 . It was found that the ECRF injection vertical to the toroidal field, was essentially important to produce high density plasmas and the uniformity of the plasma is significantly changed by field pattern of and . In 2011, the fundamental ECRF heating was applied at the position of = 3.94 . It was demonstrated that a reference tokamak discharge successfully started up the plasma current after the wall conditioning by ECRF.
松川 誠; 島田 勝弘; 山内 邦仁; Gaio, E.*; Ferro, A.*; Novello, L.*
Plasma Science and Technology, 15(3), p.257 - 260, 2013/03
被引用回数:7 パーセンタイル:29.97(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)トカマク装置において高性能プラズマを実現するためには、誤差磁場補正が重要な課題の一つである。実際、国際熱核融合実験炉ITERにおいては、誤差磁場補正用の超伝導コイルが計画されており、JT-60SA装置では常伝導コイルが使用される予定である。同様のコイルは、他の世界中の多くの装置で据え付けられており、また運転中でもある。JT-60SA装置の場合、誤差磁場補正コイルは12個(あるいは18個)のセクターコイルが真空容器内に設置される予定である。本論文は、このような誤差磁場補正コイル用電源の回路構成と制御方式にかかわる概念設計について述べるものである。結論としては、電流フィーダや半導体電力素子の数を最小化することのできる多相インバータが、コスト面のみならず、軸対称成分による誘導電圧を相殺できる点などから、最も有望であることを示す。
山内 邦仁; 島田 勝弘; 寺門 恒久; 松川 誠; Coletti, R.*; Lampasi, A.*; Gaio, E.*; Coletti, A.*; Novello, L.*
Plasma Science and Technology, 15(2), p.148 - 151, 2013/02
被引用回数:6 パーセンタイル:25.86(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)One of the most essential issues for designing a power supply system of superconducting coil is to avoid any overvoltage. Here, the most concerned overvoltage can appear between turns due to the transiently concentrated voltage distribution inside the coil, which is mainly caused by parasitic capacitances and high dv/dt. For this reason, the coil power supply, especially fast high voltage generation circuit, should equip proper snubber(s) in order to suppress the dv/dt. However, it is too complicated to accurately evaluate the transient voltage in the coil because of the distributed parameters of the mutual inductance between turns and the capacitance between adjacent conductors. In this study, such a complicated system is modeled with reasonably detailed circuit network with lumped ones, and is integrated into the overall simulation model of JT-60SA PF coil circuit. Then a detailed circuit analysis is conducted in order to evaluate the possible voltage transient in the coil circuit. As a result, appropriate circuit parameters in the coil power supply including the snubbers are obtained.
島田 勝弘; 寺門 恒久; 山内 邦仁; 松川 誠; Baulaigue, O.*; Coletti, R.*; Coletti, A.*; Novello, L.*
Plasma Science and Technology, 15(2), p.184 - 187, 2013/02
被引用回数:5 パーセンタイル:21.70(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)In JT-60SA, the four thyristor converters in poloidal field coil (PFC) power supplies are used for plasma initiation. In this case, the large reactive power fluctuation induced by the "Booster PS" is the cause of large voltage fluctuation across the terminals of the motor-generator. To minimize the reactive power fluctuation during plasma initiation, an asymmetric control method and a sequential timing control to start/stop each "Booster PS" are foreseen. To evaluate the effectiveness of above control methods for the "Booster PS", the reactive power has been simulated by using "PSCAD/EMTDC" code. From the simulation it results that the reactive power induced by the four units of the "Booster PS" can be dramatically reduced. In addition, the voltage fluctuation of the motor-generator connected to the "Booster PS" is expected to be suppressed to less than 10%, which ensures the stable control of JT-60SA magnet power supplies.
岡安 雄一*; 冨澤 宏光*; 松原 伸一*; 佐藤 尭洋*; 小川 奏*; 富樫 格*; 高橋 栄治*; 南出 泰亜*; 松川 健*; 青山 誠; et al.
Proceedings of 1st International Beam Instrumentation Conference (IBIC 2012) (Internet), 5 Pages, 2012/10
自由電子レーザー(FEL)は、自己増幅自発放射方式を用いているため、発振したレーザー光のスペクトルや時間波形がスパイク状構造になる欠点がある。この問題点を解決するために、短波長光源である高次高調波をFELにインジェクションし、スペクトルや時間波形にスパイク構造のない極端紫外領域のシード型FELの研究開発を進めている。高次高調波を発生させるドライブレーザーである高出力フェムト秒・チタンサファイアCPAレーザーシステムは、これまで原子力機構で培ったレーザー技術を設計に活かし、レーザーシステムの構築を行った。そして、このドライブレーザーをXeガス中に集光して得られる13次高調波(波長61.2nm)をシード光としてFELへインジェクションし、極端紫外領域でシード型FEL(波長61.2nm)の発振に世界で初めて成功した。開発したシード型FELのレーザー光を応用実験に用いるためには、高次高調波と電子ビームのタイミングドリフトとジッターを低減し、高安定にビーム供給する必要がある。このため、Electro-Optic(EO)法を用いて、タイミングドリフトとジッターを計測する手法の開発にも取り組んでいる。今回、EO法に使用する結晶の検討を行った結果を発表する。
村上 陽之; 木津 要; 土屋 勝彦; 吉田 清; 山内 邦仁; 島田 勝弘; 寺門 恒久; 松川 誠; 長谷川 満*; 湊 恒明*; et al.
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 22(3), p.9501405_1 - 9501405_5, 2012/06
被引用回数:4 パーセンタイル:29.08(Engineering, Electrical & Electronic)超伝導コイルの開発において、ターン間絶縁の耐電圧特性は重要な設計パラメータである。しかし実機コイルのターン間電圧は、電源の電圧変動やコイル内の共振現象により、理想的に電圧が分布した場合に比べ局所的にターン間電圧が高くなる危険性が指摘されている。そこで電源の電圧変動を評価するためJT-60SAと同等の大型電源であるJT-60Uの電源電圧測定を実施した。また、コイル内の共振現象を把握するため、EF4ダミーパンケーキを用いた共振特性試験及び数値解析によりEFコイルの共振特性を評価した。これらの結果、実際のターン間電圧は理想的な電圧分布から大きく外れないことが確認できた。
Gaio, E.*; Maistrello, A.*; Coffetti, A.*; Gargano, T.*; Perna, M.*; Novello, L.*; Coletti, A.*; 松川 誠; 山内 邦仁
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 40(3), p.557 - 563, 2012/03
被引用回数:29 パーセンタイル:76.38(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)This paper describes the detailed design of the quench protection circuits (QPC) for the superconducting toroidal field (TF) and poloidal field (PF) magnets of the Satellite Tokamak JT-60SA, which will be installed in Naka, Japan. The nominal currents to be interrupted and the maximum reapplied voltages are 25.7 kA and 2.8 kV for the TF QPCs and 20 kA and 5 kV for PF QPCs. The innovative solution proposed in the QPC design is based on a hybrid circuit breaker (CB) composed of a mechanical Bypass Switch for conducting the continuous current, in parallel to a static CB for current interruption. The main choices of the final design are presented and discussed, either to confirm or to update and complete the study performed at the conceptual design level.
島田 勝弘; Baulaigue, O.*; Cara, P.*; Coletti, A.*; Coletti, R.*; 松川 誠; 寺門 恒久; 山内 邦仁
Fusion Engineering and Design, 86(6-8), p.1427 - 1431, 2011/10
被引用回数:7 パーセンタイル:48.56(Nuclear Science & Technology)In the initial research phase of JT-60SA, the plasma heating operation of 30MW-60s or 20MW-100s is planned for 5.5 MA single null divertor plasmas. To achieve this operation, AC power source of the medium voltage of 18 kV and 7 GJ has to be provided in total to the poloidal field coil power supplies and additional heating devices such as Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) and Electron Cyclotron Radio Frequency (ECRF). In this paper, the proposed AC power supply system in JT-60SA was estimated from the view point of available power, and harmonic currents based on the standard plasma operation scenario during the initial research phase. This AC power supply system consists of the reused JT-60 power supply facilities including motor generators with flywheel, AC breakers, and harmonic filters, etc. to make it cost effective. In addition, the conceptual design of the upgraded AC power supply system for the ultimate heating power of 41MW-100s in the extended research phase is also described.